... also assumed to close their eyes during the final head thrust of the peck. Here, we re-examined their pecking motions using high-speed video recordings and supplementary provisions that permitted a three-dimensional spatial analysis of the movement, including measurement of pupil diameter and eyelid...

... in the compound eyes of diurnal ( Myrmecia croslandi ), crepuscular ( M. tarsata , M. nigriceps ) and nocturnal ants ( M. pyriformis ). We found that, except in the day-active species, all ants have a variable primary pigment cell pupil that constricts the crystalline cone in bright light to control for light...

... hitherto reported, full contraction in Sepia taking less than 1 s, indicating it is among the most rapid pupillary responses in the animal kingdom. We also describe the dependence of the degree of pupil constriction on the level of ambient illumination and show considerable variability between animals...

...Ron H. Douglas; Shaun P. Collin; Julie Corrigan SUMMARY The dilated, round pupils of a species of suckermouth armoured catfish( Liposarcus pardalis ) constrict slowly on illumination (over 35-40 min) to form crescent-shaped apertures. Ray tracing of He—Ne laser beams shows that the lenses...

...Peter Nordström; Eric J. Warrant ABSTRACT In this paper, we describe the hitherto largely overlooked effect of temperature on the pupil of insect compound eyes. In the turnip moth Agrotis segetum and in two other nocturnal insects with superposition eyes, the lacewing Euroleon nostras...

.... Although control of the aperture of the pupil in humans and many other mammals is due to a reflex triggered by light falling on the retina, contractions of isolated irises from a wide variety of vertebrates in response to stimulation by light have been reported by many investigators (for reviews see von...