... (metabolic rate, proton leak, oxidative phosphorylation, maximal mitochondrial capacity and mitochondrial inefficiency). We assessed oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolites as well as the total non-enzymatic antioxidant protection in plasma. Compared with control nestlings, Cort...

... marine ectotherm, the mussel Mytilus edulis , as a model. Mussels from a single cohort that considerably differed in body size were selected, implying faster growth in the larger specimens. We determined the body mass-dependent scaling of the mitochondrial proton leak respiration, respiration...

... Mitochondria Phosphorylation Proton leak Substrate oxidation Fluctuations in oxygen (O 2 ) availability represent a major challenge to aerobic organisms. The degree of hypoxia tolerance varies among animals, from terrestrial mammals that survive only minutes to hours without O 2 to hypoxia-tolerant...

... 2016 Summary: Variation in performance among individual fish is associated with differences in their mitochondrial leak respiration rate and respiratory control ratio. Ecophysiology Food intake Global warming Proton leak Respiratory control ratio Respiration rate Increasing...

... of radical oxygen species than those from the smaller frogs. Collectively, the data show that key bioenergetics parameters of mitochondria (proton leak, ATP production efficiency and radical oxygen species production) are correlated with body mass in frogs. This research expands our understanding...

... and uncoupler-stimulated (state 3u) respiration while concomitantly stimulating states 4 and 4 ol (proton leak) respiration, thus reducing phosphorylation and coupling efficiencies. Low doses of Cd (≤5 μmol l −1 ) reduced, while higher doses enhanced, hypoxia-stimulated proton leak. This was in contrast...

... showed high resilience to transient hypoxia. In control oysters at 20°C, hypoxia/reoxygenation induced elevated flux capacity of all three studied mitochondrial subsystems (substrate oxidation, phosphorylation and proton leak) and resulted in a mild depolarization of resting mitochondria. Elevated proton...

... sensitivity of mitochondrial substrate oxidation was high for proline and pyruvate but low for succinate. Oxygen efficiency of catabolism rose as temperature changed from 11 to 21°C via shifts to oxygen-conserving oxidation of proline and pyruvate and via reduced relative proton leak. The changes observed...

... metabolism, all animals hibernated with no differences in bout durations, body temperatures or whole-animal metabolic rates among the diet groups. The reduced mitochondrial proton leak in the 15, 35 and 55 mg g –1 18:2 diet groups might compensate for the inability to suppress respiration, permitting whole...

...Cindy A. Duong; Chugey A. Sepulveda; Jeffrey B. Graham; Kathryn A. Dickson SUMMARY Mitochondrial proton leak was assessed as a potential heat source in the slow, oxidative (red) locomotor muscle and liver of the shortfin mako shark( Isurus oxyrinchus ), a regional endotherm that maintains...

..., Crassostrea virginica (eastern oysters), using oxygen demand for ATP turnover, protein synthesis, mitochondrial proton leak and non-mitochondrial respiration in isolated gill and hepatopancreas cells as demand-side endpoints and mitochondrial oxidation capacity, abundance and fractional volume as supply-side...

... acclimated at 15°C. It was found that both cadmium and temperature significantly affect mitochondrial function in oysters. Elevated temperature had a rate-enhancing effect on state 3 (ADP-stimulated) and states 4 and 4+ (representative of proton leak) respiration, and the rate of temperature-dependent...

...-mail: [email protected] ) 22 4 2004 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2004 2004 lugworm Arenicola marina mitochondria ROS proton leak metabolic regulation temperature The lugworm Arenicola marina is one of the most successful species on intertidal mudflats...

... production,(ii) mitochondrial proton leak and (iii) non-mitochondrial processes were estimated by using excess amounts of appropriate inhibitors. It was found that although hepatocyte respiration rate varied with body mass in birds, these processes constitute a relatively constant proportion of hepatocyte...

... for by an intracellular futile cycle of proton pump and leak across the mitochondrial inner membrane (Brand et al., 1994 , 2000 ; Rolfe and Brand, 1996 ; Rolfe et al., 1999 ). This`proton cycling' or `proton leak' partially uncouples oxygen consumption from ATP synthesis, thereby leading to less effective energy...

... was preserved in the hypometabolic state. * e-mail: [email protected] 08 09 2000 02 11 2000 © 2000 by Company of Biologists 2000 metabolic depression Helix aspersa hepatopancreas isolated cells non-mitochondrial respiration mitochondrial respiration proton leak...

... examined whether the rate of proton leak is down-regulated as a part of a coordinated response to energy conservation during metabolic depression in cold-submerged frogs. We compared the proton leak rate of skeletal muscle mitochondria isolated from frogs at different stages of hibernation (control, 1...