... in freeze-sensitive larval phenotypes. However, when larvae of the freeze-tolerant phenotype (diapausing–cold acclimated–hyperprolinemic) of C. costata were subjected to severe freezing stress in liquid nitrogen, no DNA damage was observed. Artificially increasing the proline concentration in freeze...

... and the fungicide prothioconazole affect bumblebee olfactory learning. We also assessed responsiveness, and compared the impacts of these active ingredients and their respective commercial formulations (Roundup Biactive and Proline). We found that learning was not impaired by either formulation but, of the bees...

... dynamics (melting point and IF max ) upon entry into diapause, cold acclimation and feeding on a proline-augmented diet. These differences were mostly driven by colligative effects of accumulated proline (ranging between 6 and 487 mmol kg −1 TBW) and other metabolites. Our data suggest...

... freezing at −20°C or seven cycles of freezing–thawing at −20°C, but none survived freezing at −80°C. Field-collected caterpillars had a temperature of crystallization of −7.7±0.5°C that decreased significantly to −9.5±0.6°C after 12 weeks of acclimation at 5°C. Hemolymph levels of free proline, total amino...

... availability of specific peptides. We demonstrate significantly diminished muscle indispensable FAA (3–10-fold) in rainbow trout alevins fed a dipeptide-based diet compared with a protein-based diet. The dipeptide-based diet did not contain proline, resulting in 10–27-fold less muscle free proline...

...), hemolymph NaCl, proline and trehalose concentrations increased significantly. When sorbitol was used to increase the external osmolality without an elevation in salt concentration, hemolymph NaCl and proline concentrations decreased, whereas hemolymph trehalose concentration increased. The results suggest...

... of serine, but suffered a significant reduction in levels of trehalose. C. tarsalis responded to increased environmental salinity with increased hemolymph levels of both proline and trehalose. When C. tarsalis larvae were held in 64 % sea water, which C. quinquefasciatus larvae cannot tolerate, hemolymph...

... is characterised by a high rate of oxygen consumption and a rapid change in proline and alanine levels in the haemolymph and flight muscles and in glycogen level in the flight muscles. Carbohydrates are released from the fat body into the haemolymph. These carbohydrates are oxidised during the second phase...

... to sustain flight. T th remains stable during lift-generating tethered flight at high T a (31 °C). Wingbeat frequency ( f w ) is dependent on T th : when T th declines, f w decreases in a linear manner. The proline concentrations in the haemolymph and flight muscles decrease during warm-up. In contrast...

... to the same or a second carboxylate group. For aspartate, the unbalanced position of its amino group between a pair of carboxylates allows its occasional biorecognition as a β - rather than as an α. - amino acid, whereas for proline and its homologs, their cyclic arrangement may allow the imino group, without...

... larval Manduca sexta midgut. Neutral amino acids (alanine, proline) are symported at higher rates as the vesicles are hyperpolarized. The symport rates of acidic (glutamate) and basic (arginine) amino acids are almost PD-independent. The half-saturation constant of alanine is PD-independent between −108...

...I. D. Hume; W. H. Karasov; B. W. Darken ABSTRACT We have measured unidirectional uptake (not transmural flux) of acetate, butyrate and proline by everted sleeves of intact tissue from the jejunum, caecum, proximal colon and distal colon of prairie voles ( Microtus ochrogaster ). There was active...

...J. Meredith; J. E. Phillips ABSTRACT Recta of Schistocerca gregaria possess a high-affinity (K t = 10 mmol l −1 ) and high-capacity ( V max = 4·2 μ equiv cm −2 h −1 ) active absorptive mechanism for proline second in magnitude only to stimulated Cl − transport. Transcellular and paracellular...

... larvae adapted to media of 50 mosmol l −1 or 600 mosmol l −1 indicate that the increase in haemolymph osmotic concentration observed in media above 400 mosmol l −1 is due to the accumulation of organic compounds, particularly proline, serine and trehalose. REFERENCES Baginski , R. M...