... mechanics in an arboreal primate – the squirrel monkey ( Saimiri sciureus ) – moving quadrupedally at various speeds on instrumented arboreal and terrestrial supports. Using kinetic data, values of energy recovery, COM mechanical work and power, potential and kinetic energy congruity, and collision angle...

..., and these metrics are inversely related for a given muscle size because of fundamental constraints in sarcomere length–tension relationships. How these competing performance metrics change in developing primates is largely unknown. Here, we quantified in vivo bite forces and gapes across ontogeny and examined...

...François Druelle; Anthony Supiot; Silke Meulemans; Niels Schouteden; Pablo Molina-Vila; Brigitte Rimbaud; Peter Aerts; Gilles Berillon ABSTRACT Primates exhibit unusual quadrupedal features (e.g. diagonal gaits, compliant walk) compared with other quadrupedal mammals. Their origin...

... in arboreal environments. We quantified the kinematics of their movement over ground and along narrow arboreal trackways to determine the extent to which their locomotion resembled that of primates, occupying similar niches, or basal marsupials from which they evolved. On the ground, the locomotion of koalas...

...Lucia F. Jacobs; Basil el Jundi; Almut Kelber; Barbara Webb ABSTRACT One of the outstanding questions in evolution is why Homo erectus became the first primate species to evolve the external pyramid, i.e. an external nose. The accepted hypothesis for this trait has been its role in respiration...

... in vivo , resulting in spectral variation within the emitted coo calls, ranging from ‘breathy’ (including aerodynamic noise components) to ‘non-breathy’. This is again analogous to humans, corroborating the notion that phonation in humans and non-human primates is based on universal physical...

... 2015 Summary: During jumping, the muscle mass-specific power of marmosets is more than twice that of humans. This difference in mechanical output in vivo is explained by differences in skeletal muscle contractile properties. Primate Comparative physiology Muscle mass-specific power...

... the manuscript. COMPETING INTERESTS No competing interests declared. 10 4 2013 26 6 2013 © 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2013 nonshivering thermogenesis primate rewarming difficulties (Afro-)tropical heterotherms NST definition Endothermic animals...

...Biren A. Patel; Susan G. Larson; Jack T. Stern, Jr SUMMARY Some non-human primates use digitigrade hand postures when walking slowly on the ground. As a component of an extended limb, a digitigrade posture can help minimize wrist joint moments thereby requiring little force production directly from...

... a second potentially useful energy store that has often been neglected. Recent studies have highlighted the ability of orangutans to usefully recover energy from swaying trees to minimise the cost of gap crossing. Although mechanically similar mechanisms have been hypothesised for wild leaping primates...

...Daniel Schmitt; Matt Cartmill; Timothy M. Griffin; Jandy B. Hanna; Pierre Lemelin SUMMARY At speeds between the walk and the gallop, most mammals trot. Primates almost never trot, and it has been claimed that they transition directly from a walk to a gallop without any distinctive mid-speed running...

... such as primates have similar energy costs compared with other mammals. This study presents a new hypothesis to explain how animals with distally heavy limbs maintain low energy costs. Since distal mass should increase energy costs due to higher amounts of muscular power outputs, this hypothesis is based...

...-legged bipedalism in early humans. However, experimental studies of locomotion in humans and nonhuman primates have shown that the evolution of bipedalism involved a much more complex series of transitions, originating with a relatively compliant form of quadrupedalism. These studies show that relatively...

...Richard H. C. Bonser ABSTRACT Many animals use thin perches, such as the branches of trees, as locomotory substrates. In this paper, I have reviewed the literature concerned with measurements of locomotory forces made by birds and primates on thin and flexible substrates. Through a knowledge...

...E. T. Rolls ABSTRACT Analysis of the activity of single neurones in the gustatory pathways in primates (cynomolgus monkeys) shows that the tuning of neurones to the four prototypical stimuli 1·0moll −1 glucose, 1·0moll −1 NaCl, 0·001moll −1 quinine-HCl and 0·01 mol 1 −1 HCl becomes sharper...