...Jacob R. Winnikoff; Steven H. D. Haddock; Itay Budin ABSTRACT Animals are known to regulate the composition of their cell membranes to maintain key biophysical properties in response to changes in temperature. For deep-sea marine organisms, high hydrostatic pressure represents an additional, yet...

... transmission; and (3) systematically changed the inter-muscular pressure by performing experiments at different activation/force levels, thereby exploring the possible role of inter-muscular pressure in the loss of torque capacity with simultaneous muscle activation. Experiments were performed in a New Zealand...

... predators on other constrictors remain unknown. To begin addressing these mechanisms, we studied the scaling of muscle cross-sectional area, pulling force and constriction pressure across the ontogeny of six species of snakes ( Lampropeltis californiae , L. getula , L. holbrooki , Pantherophis...

...Christopher P. Kenaley; George V. Lauder ABSTRACT The vast majority of ray-finned fishes capture prey through suction feeding. The basis of this behavior is the generation of subambient pressure through rapid expansion of a highly kinetic skull. Over the last four decades, results from in vivo...

... behavior in four species of pipids, Pipa pipa, Xenopus laevis, Hymenochirus boettgeri and Pseudhymenochirus merlini . Pressure in the buccopharyngeal cavity was measured during prey capture. These pressure measurements were coupled with high-speed recordings of feeding behavior. For each species...

...J. C. Partridge; E. M. White; R. H. Douglas SUMMARY The effect of hydrostatic pressure (0.1-54 MPa, equivalent to pressures experienced by fish from the ocean's surface to depths of ca. 5400 m) on visual pigment absorption spectra was investigated for rod visual pigments extracted from the retinae...

...Paul H. Yancey SUMMARY Organic osmolytes are small solutes used by cells of numerous water-stressed organisms and tissues to maintain cell volume. Similar compounds are accumulated by some organisms in anhydrobiotic, thermal and possibly pressure stresses. These solutes are amino acids...

... study of flows around the carapaces of three morphologically distinct boxfishes(spotted boxfish, scrawled cowfish and buffalo trunkfish) using stereolithographic models and three separate but interrelated analytical approaches: digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV), pressure distribution...

...James R. Usherwood; Tyson L. Hedrick; Craig P. McGowan; Andrew A. Biewener SUMMARY Differential pressure measurements offer a new approach for studying the aerodynamics of bird flight. Measurements from differential pressure sensors are combined to form a dynamic pressure map for eight sites along...

... models positioned at both pitching and yawing angles of attack were investigated using three methods: digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV), pressure distribution measurements, and force balance measurements. Models positioned at various pitching angles of attack within a flow tunnel produced well...

...D. M. Webber; R. G. Boutilier; S. R. Kerr; M. J. Smale SUMMARY We report the results of an experiment designed to investigate the feasibility of using differential pressure to estimate the swimming speed and metabolic rate of Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ). Seven cod were fitted with a miniature...

... does not play an important role. The detectable lift forces can be compared with those of technical wing profiles for low Re numbers. Pressure measurements (at Re =9300) show that, because of rotating vortices along the chord length, not only is the effective profile form changed, but the pressure...

...Michaël Theron; François Guerrero; Philippe Sébert ABSTRACT Previous studies have suggested that the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation in the freshwater eel ( Anguilla anguilla ) is increased after acclimation to high hydrostatic pressure. Analysis at atmospheric pressure of the respiratory...

...). Submersion f H averaged 30±7 beats min −1 ( N =18), approximately 20 % of pre- and post-submersion values. Venous values during and after submersions as deep as 11.2 ATA (102 m) were all less than 2.8 atmospheres N 2 (283 kPa) above ambient pressure, a previously measured threshold for symptomatic bubble...

... rate of oxygen consumption. Pressure recordings in the mantle cavity support this finding, indicating a high basal level of spontaneous activity at rest and a small rise in mean pressure at higher swimming velocity. Bursts of higher pressures from the jet support elevated swimming speeds and may...

...Andrew M. Smith ABSTRACT Two factors determine the strength of pressure-based adhesive mechanisms such as suction: the magnitude of the pressure differential that their musculature and mechanics can produce and the pressure differential that water can sustain. This paper compares the adhesive...

... adrenergic stimulation, the left ventricle was able to generate greater power outputs at high right aortic output pressures; however, the right ventricle showed a decrease in performance with increasing output pressure. Decreasing the of the perfusate to 10 kPa resulted in a significant bradycardia. Both...

...Judy M. Jones; Lee A. Wentzell; Daniel P. Toews ABSTRACT Posterior lymph heart pressure, rate and flow were measured in chronically cannulated Bufo marinus during normal hydrated and dehydrated conditions. A new surgical technique was developed which allowed direct and constant measurement...

...Andrew M. Smith ABSTRACT Experiments were performed to determine the mechanism by which limpets attach to the substratum. Pressure measurements were made under the feet of three species of limpets as they were forcibly detached from the substratum. These measurements show that limpets actively...

...Andrew M. Smith ABSTRACT The decrease in hydrostatic pressure generated by octopus suckers adhering to wettable and non-wettable surfaces was measured using a flush-mounted miniature pressure transducer. The cavitation thresholds, or lowest sustainable pressures, of sea water on the same surfaces...