... between birds and mammals in gene expression associated with K + clearance. Mechanotransduction Avian Evolution Inner ear Potassium Slc12 K + is the major charge ion in the vertebrate inner ear. Its apical influx into hair cells initiates mechanotransduction in both the auditory...

....tb00709.x Grossman , Y. and Gutnick , M. J. ( 1981 ). Extracellular potassium activity during frequency-dependent conduction block of giant axons in the metathoracic ganglion of the cockroach . Brain Res.   211 , 196 - 201 . 10.1016/0006-8993(81)90083-4 Leao , A. A. ( 1944...

... - 1637 . Findsen   A. , Pedersen   T. H. , Petersen   A. G. , Nielsen   O. B. , Overgaard   J. ( 2014 ). Why do insects enter and recover from chill coma? Low temperature and high extracellular potassium compromise muscle function in Locusta migratoria . J. Exp. Biol.   217...

..., the ureters and the lower Malpighian tubule. insect gut salt stress sodium potassium haemolymph ionoregulation phenotypic plasticity In many insects, the gut and/or the Malpighian (renal) tubules play important homeostatic roles in response to salt stress associated with dehydration...

... ( [email protected] ) 25 7 2011 © 2011. 2011 Malpighian tubule salt stress sodium potassium haemolymph ionoregulation Insects are known to survive a wide variety of desiccating or hypersaline environments that pose challenges to the maintenance of homeostasis. For example...

... of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada 20 8 2007 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2007 2007 sodium potassium exchanger alkalinization AgNHA NHA AgNHE NHE CHA CHE CPA2 African malaria mosquito All organisms regulate their cellular pH, volume...

.... ( 1992 ). Ionic current mechanisms generating vertebrate primary cardiac pacemaker activity at the single cell level: an integrative view. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 54 , 279 -302. Chapman, R. A. and Rodrigo, G. C. ( 1987 ). The negative inotropic effect of raised extracellular potassium and cesium ions...

..., of sodium and potassium currents of somatic muscle of larval Danio rerio to investigate their possible contribution to once-only firing. Our computer model incorporated simulated sodium and potassium ion channels based on steady-state and kinetic parameters derived from a recent electrophysiological study...

... characteristics of mammalian and insect amino acid transporters: implications for amino acid homeostasis. J. Exp. Biol. 200 , 269 -286. Castagna, M., Shayakul, C., Trotti, D., Sacchi, V. F., Harvey,W. R. and Hediger, M. A. ( 1998 ). Cloning and characterization of KAAT1, a potassium-coupled amino acid...

... shares some properties in common with ligand inhibition of DAT, SERT, NET and the γ-aminobutyric acid transporter (GAT1). † e-mail: [email protected] 21 5 2002 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2002 2002 ion channel potassium sodium amino acid transporter ionic...

... an unlimited endurance, whereas moderate and higher speeds were probably associated with a loss of K + from the working muscles, indicating a limited endurance. * e-mail: [email protected] 3 2 1998 20 4 1998 © The Company of Biologists Limited 1998 potassium...

...Carl Hirschie Johnson; Yasuo Nakaoka; Isoji Miwa ABSTRACT In some neural models of circadian rhythmicity, membrane potential and transmembrane flux of potassium and calcium ions appear to play important roles in the entrainment and central mechanisms of the biological clock. We wondered whether...

... short-term regulation of cell volume may involve an electrically conductive loss of intracellular K + and a counter ion. 17 5 1994 ©The Company of Biologists Limited 1994 bivalve Mytilus californianus osmoregulation taurine betaine potassium When exposed for prolonged...

... noradrenaline Myxine glutinosa hypoxia anoxia heart cardiac potassium acetylcholine The principal component of the acute stress response in fish is the release of the catecholamines, adrenaline and noradrenaline, from chromaffin tissue (see review by Randall and Perry, 1992 ). The accompanying...

...-selective electrodes pH sodium potassium calcium ammonium Although the latter type of electrode is suitable for intramyocardial and intravascular recording from animals the size of dogs and pigs ( Hill et al . 1978 ), flexible electrodes with smaller diameters and longer shanks are required...

... in a voltage-dependent potassium conductance. Application of other phenolamines indicated a rank order of potency of D,L-octopamine > D,L-synephrine > tyramine. The α -adrenergic agonists clonidine, naphazoline and tolazoline were without significant effect at 10 −5 –10 −3 moll −1 . Reduction...

...Barbara R. Grubb; Helen V. Brown; P. J. Bentley ABSTRACT Fluxes of potassium ions across biological membranes can be measured using 42 K as a tracer. This isotope, however, has a half-life of only 12-4 h and it is expensive. Rubidium belongs to the alkali metal series of elements and rubidium ions...

... amytal potassium pH The histology of the honey-bee drone retina suggests a remarkable metabolic compartmentation: the photoreceptors contain numerous mitochondria ranged at the periphery of the cell close to the cytoplasmic membrane, facing fin-like processes of the adjacent glial cells, which...

...Philip E. Coyer ABSTRACT Exposure of 10 R3-R13 neurones to a 115-min period of hypoxia resulted in depolarization of their membrane potentials (E M ) from a mean of −46·9 ± 3·1 to −20·8 ± 4·4mV (S.E.). Intracellular potassium ion activities decreased significantly from 118·9 ± 5·1 to 67·7 ± 8·5 m m...

...M. Morisawa; K. Suzuki; S. Morisawa ABSTRACT In salmonid fishes, rainbow trout and masu salmon, and the plecoglossid fish, ayu, seminal plasma had an osmolality around 300 mosmol kg −1 , isotonic to the blood plasma, and contained a higher concentration of potassium than the blood plasma...