... between birds and mammals in gene expression associated with K + clearance. Mechanotransduction Avian Evolution Inner ear Potassium Slc12 K + is the major charge ion in the vertebrate inner ear. Its apical influx into hair cells initiates mechanotransduction in both the auditory...

... © 2016. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2016 Summary: Locust spreading depression is strongly dependent on existing levels of neural activity. Increased neural activity heightens susceptibility to spreading depression, whereas a reduction in activity is inhibitory. Potassium...

... limits Neuromuscular system Potassium In order to make accurate predictions of the sensitivity of species to climate change, we must understand the physiological mechanisms that set critical thermal limits to animal performance and fitness ( Hofmann and Todgham, 2010 ). The majority of insect...

... rather than salt excretion. * Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) 31 10 2011 © 2012. 2012 insect gut salt stress sodium potassium haemolymph ionoregulation phenotypic plasticity In many insects, the gut and/or the Malpighian (renal) tubules play...

... ( [email protected] ) 25 7 2011 © 2011. 2011 Malpighian tubule salt stress sodium potassium haemolymph ionoregulation Insects are known to survive a wide variety of desiccating or hypersaline environments that pose challenges to the maintenance of homeostasis. For example...

... (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) at a 1:500 dilution in blocking solution, followed by a wash step. Paraffin sections (6 μm thick) were prepared from larval tissues by the method of Patrick et al. ( Patrick et al.,2006 ), mounted onto gelatin-coated slides (1% gelatin and 0.1%chromium potassium sulfate...

... intrinsic heart rate potassium red-eared slider temperature Trachemys scripta turtle Freshwater turtles of the genera Chrysemys and Trachemys exhibit a remarkable ability to endure prolonged periods of anoxia. At warm acclimation temperatures (20°C–25°C), these animals can survive 12–24 h...

..., of sodium and potassium currents of somatic muscle of larval Danio rerio to investigate their possible contribution to once-only firing. Our computer model incorporated simulated sodium and potassium ion channels based on steady-state and kinetic parameters derived from a recent electrophysiological study...

... characteristics of mammalian and insect amino acid transporters: implications for amino acid homeostasis. J. Exp. Biol. 200 , 269 -286. Castagna, M., Shayakul, C., Trotti, D., Sacchi, V. F., Harvey,W. R. and Hediger, M. A. ( 1998 ). Cloning and characterization of KAAT1, a potassium-coupled amino acid...

... shares some properties in common with ligand inhibition of DAT, SERT, NET and the γ-aminobutyric acid transporter (GAT1). † e-mail: [email protected] 21 5 2002 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2002 2002 ion channel potassium sodium amino acid transporter ionic...

...-ATPase concentration quantified by 3 H-ouabain binding to intact biopsies before and after moderate physical conditioning . Int. J. Sports Med . 11 , 304 – 307 . Lindinger , M. I. ( 1995 ). Potassium regulation during exercise and recovery in humans: Implication for skeletal...

...Carl Hirschie Johnson; Yasuo Nakaoka; Isoji Miwa ABSTRACT In some neural models of circadian rhythmicity, membrane potential and transmembrane flux of potassium and calcium ions appear to play important roles in the entrainment and central mechanisms of the biological clock. We wondered whether...

... circles). 17 5 1994 ©The Company of Biologists Limited 1994 bivalve Mytilus californianus osmoregulation taurine betaine potassium When exposed for prolonged periods (days to weeks) to hypo-osmotic media, euryhaline marine invertebrates typically respond by reducing...

... and Kinkead, 1989 ) function. catecholamines adrenaline noradrenaline Myxine glutinosa hypoxia anoxia heart cardiac potassium acetylcholine Surprisingly few studies have evaluated the oxygen-binding properties of hagfish blood and the data are sufficiently disparate to permit...

...-selective electrodes pH sodium potassium calcium ammonium Although the latter type of electrode is suitable for intramyocardial and intravascular recording from animals the size of dogs and pigs ( Hill et al . 1978 ), flexible electrodes with smaller diameters and longer shanks are required...

... in a voltage-dependent potassium conductance. Application of other phenolamines indicated a rank order of potency of D,L-octopamine > D,L-synephrine > tyramine. The α -adrenergic agonists clonidine, naphazoline and tolazoline were without significant effect at 10 −5 –10 −3 moll −1 . Reduction...

...Barbara R. Grubb; Helen V. Brown; P. J. Bentley ABSTRACT Fluxes of potassium ions across biological membranes can be measured using 42 K as a tracer. This isotope, however, has a half-life of only 12-4 h and it is expensive. Rubidium belongs to the alkali metal series of elements and rubidium ions...

... amytal potassium pH The histology of the honey-bee drone retina suggests a remarkable metabolic compartmentation: the photoreceptors contain numerous mitochondria ranged at the periphery of the cell close to the cytoplasmic membrane, facing fin-like processes of the adjacent glial cells, which...

...Philip E. Coyer ABSTRACT Exposure of 10 R3-R13 neurones to a 115-min period of hypoxia resulted in depolarization of their membrane potentials (E M ) from a mean of −46·9 ± 3·1 to −20·8 ± 4·4mV (S.E.). Intracellular potassium ion activities decreased significantly from 118·9 ± 5·1 to 67·7 ± 8·5 m m...

...M. Morisawa; K. Suzuki; S. Morisawa ABSTRACT In salmonid fishes, rainbow trout and masu salmon, and the plecoglossid fish, ayu, seminal plasma had an osmolality around 300 mosmol kg −1 , isotonic to the blood plasma, and contained a higher concentration of potassium than the blood plasma...