... features were analyzed with Pulse 14.0 (Brüel and Kjær Sound and Vibration A/S) after applying fast Fourier transform (FFT) with a window length of 400 samples and 66.7% overlap and a Blackman–Harris window. Twenty-four hours before the playback experiment, protein food was removed from the rearing...

... (neighbours), whereas males of different locations (strangers) shared only few syllables and no sequences. In a second step, playback experiments were conducted and provided evidence for N–S discrimination consistent with the dear-enemy effect,i.e. reduced aggression from territorial birds towards neighbours...

.... © The Company of Biologists Limited 2006 2006 Mormyridae playback experiment Knollenorgan receptor tuning curve temporal coding signal design multiple EOD dimorphisms Variation in courtship signals among closely related species can arise when signals display a potential mate's...

... likely to contain information about individual identity. We then tested these cues in playback experiments. Our results show that a female pays particular attention to the lower part of the signal spectrum, the fundamental frequency accompanied by its first two harmonics being sufficient to elicit...