... physiology in overwintering reindeer; this has implications for current models of circannual time-keeping in mammals. Rangifer Photoperiod Pars tuberalis Pineal gland Circadian rhythms Seasonal rhythms in physiological responses depend upon innate long-term (circannual) timers, the phase...

... rhythm in melatonin secretion. Teleost possess two enzyme forms, AANAT1 and AANAT2, preferentially expressed in the retina and the pineal gland, respectively. The concomitant action of light and temperature shapes the daily and seasonal changes in melatonin secretion: the former controls duration while...

.... Additionally, IMEL binding sites were detected in the ectostriatum, the thalamus, the mesencephalon and the limbic system. No IMEL binding could be demonstrated in the pineal gland, the hippocampus, the nucleus suprachiasmaticus, the visual wulst or the pituitary. * Present address: Max-Planck-Institut...

... information on the migratory course as a direction with respect to the geomagnetic field or in the time programme controlling the specific migratory direction at a given time. 24 5 1994 ©The Company of Biologists Limited 1994 pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca pineal gland melatonin...