... levels of glucose during freezing in the wood frog, Rana sylvatica . Antioxidants Enzyme kinetics Freezing Metabolic rate depression Phosphorylation The North American wood frog, Rana sylvatica (syn: Lithobates sylvaticus ), is able to overwinter in a remarkable fashion; it freezes...

... links between mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular injury. Mitochondrial responses to H/R in scallops strongly resembled those in other hypoxia-sensitive organisms. Exposure to hypoxia followed by reoxygenation led to a strong decrease in the substrate oxidation (SOX) and phosphorylation (PHOS...

... appears to be invoked quickly during entrance into torpor when body temperature is high, but is reversed slowly during arousal when body temperature is low. This pattern may reflect body temperature-sensitive, enzyme-mediated post-translational modifications of oxidative phosphorylation complexes...

... that, despite its potential for an open, disordered structure, AmVg is unexpectedly resistant to trypsin/chymotrypsin digestion at the tract. Our findings suggest that multiple phosphorylation plays a role in this resilience. Sequence variation is highly pronounced at the polyserine region in insect Vgs. We...

...Todd E. Gillis; Jordan M. Klaiman SUMMARY β-Adrenergic stimulation of the mammalian heart increases heart rate, the strength of contraction as well as the kinetics of force generation and relaxation. These effects are due to the phosphorylation of select membrane and thin filament proteins by cAMP...

... to the N terminus of vitellogenin, whereas a previously observed 150 kDa fragment corresponded to the remainder of the protein. We show that both protein units are N glycosylated and phosphorylated. Focusing on the novel 40 kDa fragment, we present a homology model based on the structure of lamprey...

... and secretion across their gills. Many studies have examined the mechanisms responsible for long-term (days) salinity acclimation; however, much remains unknown about the mechanisms of acute (hours) salinity acclimation. In this study, we tested the hypotheses that phosphorylation of the Na + –K + –Cl...

... to urea denaturation. The quick time course of deactivation and the stable changes in kinetic parameters that resulted suggested that SERCA was regulated by a post-translational mechanism. In vitro experiments indicated that SERCA activity could be blunted by protein phosphorylation and enhanced...

... muscle for equivalent rates of metabolic recovery, which are not dependent on the elevated metabolic rate associated with warm acclimation. Elevated oxygen consumption in response to warm acclimation is the result of enhanced oxidative phosphorylation to keep pace with the Q 10 effects of temperature...

... temperature. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 11 7 2007 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2007 2007 cold stress diapause signal transduction MAP kinase phosphorylation In addition to the cold hardening mechanisms exploited by overwintering...

... of intracellular cAMP ([cAMP] i ) in glycerol-treated sperm did not increase on motility activation, but a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, H-89, inhibited glycerol-treated sperm motility. In addition, phosphorylation of protein associated with motility initiation also occurred in glycerol-treated sperm...

... and the desert frog Neobatrachus sutor Main 1957. We have developed a method using a single antibody (which binds specifically to the phosphorylated, conserved phosphorylation region) by which the total levels of eIF2α and the ratio of phosphorylated eIF2α[eIF2α(P)] to total (phosphorylated and unphosphorylated...

... failed to reactivate the motility. Furthermore, we detected phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of three proteins at serine and threonine residues on motility activation. It is likely that hypotonic shock causes an increase in intracellular [Ca 2+ ] that activates motility activation via...

..., such as diacylglycerol. Moreover, CNG channels are associated with protein kinases and phosphatases that catalyze changes in phosphorylation state and allosterically modulate channel activity. Recent studies suggest that the effects of circadian rhythms and retinal transmitters on CNG channels may be mediated...

... pacemaker neuron NMDA receptor Na + channel K + channel androgen estrogen phosphorylation Weakly electric fish are useful neuroethological subjects because their electrical signals are stereotyped and quantifiable, and the circuitry that generates and receives these signals is simple...

... shrinkage-induced activation. This dual control may occur by both phosphorylation-dependent and phosphorylation-independent mechanisms. In view of the similarities in the regulatory properties of eel and salamander ( Amphiuma sp.) Na + H + exchangers, the expression of a putative K + /H + exchange mediated...

... prevents osmotic activation and volume regulation. Contrary to earlier suggestions, however, changes in the phosphorylation state of the antiporter itself are not involved in the effects of either metabolic depletion or osmotic stimulation. Nevertheless, the cytosolic carboxy-terminal segment...

...Hans-Otto Pörtner ABSTRACT Proton balance is analysed in relation to the anaerobic and aerobic metabolism of carbohydrates, carbonic acids, amino acids and fat by considering oxidation, carboxylation, decarboxylation and phosphorylation reactions, as well as the influence of ammonium, on the acid...

... that only one or a very few ion channels would turn out to be regulated by protein phosphorylation. However, it now is evident that many different classes of channels can be modulated in this way, and that the channels regulated differ from cell to cell (for a recent review see Levitan, 1985 ). Indeed...