... Reaction norms can be used to simultaneously quantify both the level of phenotypic flexibility across an environmental gradient (i.e. reaction norm slope) and the phenotypic expression of a trait in the population-average environment (i.e. reaction norm intercept). Reaction norm components of several...

... 2021 Summary: Phenotypic flexibility that is fast but not too fast: modulation of intestinal peptidase to match altered dietary protein level in nestling house sparrows involves parallel change in aminopeptidase-N activity and mRNA. Aminopeptidase-N Enzyme activity mRNA Diet switch...

... from hatching to adulthood, but does occur when nestlings of the former species adjust to a higher-starch diet. Digestive enzymes Transcriptional control Phenotypic flexibility Major changes in intestinal enzymes occur during development in vertebrates, but only in mammals...

..., are responsible for the seasonal decrease in phenotypic flexibility of energy metabolism in photoresponsive mammals. To quantify reaction norms for basal metabolic rate (BMR) and cortisol (CORT) secretion, male Siberian hamsters maintained at a long (16 h:8 h light:dark) photoperiod were acclimated repeatedly...

...://www.biologists.com/user-licence-1-1/ Summary: House sparrows quickly adjust to new diets with differing protein and carbohydrate content when they are less than a week old. Digestive physiology Development Phenotypic flexibility Invasion biology Feeding ecology Passer domesticus Of all...

... by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2016 Summary: Reversible changes to the oxidative skeletal muscle of the amphibious fish Kryptolebias marmoratus out of water enhance terrestrial locomotory performance, even in the absence of exercise training. Exercise performance Muscle remodelling Phenotypic...

... are fixed or perhaps phenotypically flexible as a result of diet. Here, we maintained a naturally omnivorous lizard, Liolaemus ruibali , on a mixed diet of 50% insects and 50% plant material, or a plant-rich diet of 90% plant material. We compared parameters of digestive performance, gut morphology...

...-0333-3 Liknes , E. T. and Swanson , D. L. ( 2011 ). Phenotypic flexibility in passerine birds: seasonal variation of aerobic enzyme activities in skeletal muscle . J. Therm. Biol.   36 , 430 - 436 . 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2011.07.011 Liknes , E. T. , Guglielmo , C. G...

.... J. ( 2015 ). Summit metabolic rate exhibits phenotypic flexibility with migration, but not latitude in a neotropical migrant, Parkesia noveboracensis . J. Ornithol.   156 , 547 - 550 . 10.1007/s10336-015-1157-x Dawson , W. R. and Marsh , R. L. ( 1989 ). Metabolic...

... . J. Exp. Biol.   217 , 1993 - 2003 . 10.1242/jeb.098863 Liknes , E. T. and Swanson , D. L. ( 2011 ). Phenotypic flexibility in passerine birds: seasonal variation of aerobic enzyme activities in skeletal muscle . J. Therm. Biol.   36 , 430 - 436 . 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2011.07.011...

... of a widespread songbird, the stonechat ( Saxicola torquata ). We compared variation in immunity during 1 year in long-distance migrants, short-distance migrants, tropical residents and hybrids in a common garden environment. Additionally, we investigated phenotypically flexible responses to temperature...

.... 15 10 2013 10 12 2013 © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2014 Acclimatisation Cold exposure Helox Phenotypic flexibility Thermogenic capacity The lowest environmental temperature to which an endotherm can defend normothermic body temperature ( T b...

...David Swanson; Yufeng Zhang; Jin-Song Liu; Christopher L. Merkord; Marisa O. King Seasonal phenotypic flexibility in small birds produces a winter phenotype with elevated maximum cold-induced metabolic rates (=summit metabolism, Ṁ sum ). Temperature and photoperiod are candidates for drivers...

...; K.D.K. carried out biochemical assays; all authors revised and approved the article. COMPETING INTERESTS No competing interests declared. 29 1 2013 15 7 2013 © 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2013 phenotypic flexibility digestive enzymes house...

... of the typical myostatin, suggesting that they have no functional importance and may be mistakes of the splicing machinery. We conclude that IGF1 is likely to be an important mediator of muscle phenotypic flexibility during acute exercise and during endogenous, seasonal preparation for migration. The role...

... day old birds was not influenced by diet composition prior to day 12 but instead depended only on diet that was fed between days 12 and 30. We conclude that plasticity in the activity of intestinal disaccharidases in house sparrow nestlings represents completely reversible phenotypic flexibility...

...Jorge S. Gutiérrez; José A. Masero; José M. Abad-Gómez; Auxiliadora Villegas; Juan M. Sánchez-Guzmán SUMMARY Many migratory vertebrates typically move between habitats with varying salinities during the annual cycle. These organisms clearly exhibit a remarkable phenotypic flexibility...

..., which is one of the highest metabolic depressions reported for any ectothermic vertebrate. Our results suggest that amphibian persistence in highly seasonal environments is related to a large capacity of phenotypic flexibility at different organisational levels; an ability that may be related...

...Aneta Książek; Jan Czerniecki; Marek Konarzewski SUMMARY Theoretical considerations suggest that one of the main factors determining phenotypic flexibility of the digestive system is the size (mass) of internal organs. To test this, we used mice from two lines selected for high and low levels...

... altitudinal variation amethyst sunbird metabolic rates phenotypic plasticity phenotypic flexibility Phenotypic plasticity implies the general capacity for change and transformation within genotypes in response to changing environmental conditions ( DeWitt et al.,1998 ; Kingsolver et al.,2002...