...Linzi J. Thompson; Jane C. Stout; Dara A. Stanley ABSTRACT Fungicides and herbicides are two of the most heavily applied pesticide classes in the world, but receive little research attention with regards to their potential impacts on bees. As they are not designed to target insects, the mechanisms...

... ). Previous studies have demonstrated that pollen-based diets improve survival in honey bees exposed to parasites, pathogens and pesticides, while poor nutrition synergizes with pathogen or insecticide stress to exacerbate negative health outcomes ( Annoscia et al., 2017 ; Schmehl et al., 2014 ; Barraud et...

... manner. Habituation Ecotoxicology Pesticide Herbicide Fresh-water Behaviour Bio-indicator Glyphosate is the most widespread herbicide in the world, with about 80,000–85,000 tonnes being used in a year ( Grube et al., 2011 ). Glyphosate, N-(phosphonomethyl)-glycine, is a systemic total...

... Pesticide Animals typically lose their appetite when their immune systems are activated (i.e. illness-induced anorexia; Sullivan et al., 2016 ). However, immune defense is energetically costly ( Demas et al., 1997 ; Freitak et al., 2003 ); therefore, animals would be expected to increase...

... as an active substance and as a formulation (Calypso ® ) negatively affects honey bees by reducing their learning and memory performance, which endangers their survival in natural conditions. Apis mellifera Pesticide Neonicotinoid PER Proboscis extension conditioning Bees...

...Sally M. Williamson; Geraldine A. Wright SUMMARY Pesticides are important agricultural tools often used in combination to avoid resistance in target pest species, but there is growing concern that their widespread use contributes to the decline of pollinator populations. Pollinators perform...

... pesticide may impair colony fitness. REFERENCES Afik O. , Dag A. , Shafir S. ( 2008 ). Honeybee, Apis mellifera, round dance is influenced by trace components of floral nectar . Anim. Behav. 75 , 371 - 377 . Alaux C. , Brunet J.-L. , Dussaubat C. , Mondet...

... process, but suggested that PBA accumulation was by nonspecific binding. The presence of a transport system in Malpighian tubules that handles at least one pesticide metabolite(MMA) suggests that transport processes could be a mechanism conferring resistance to xenobiotic exposure in insects. We tested...