..., however, several polar compounds (mainly peptides) have been found in addition to CHCs both on the cuticle and on the comb surface of social insects, and their semiochemical role has been demonstrated in some circumstances. In the present study, we used the paper wasp social parasite–host system Polistes...

..., we examined peptides isolated from venom ducts to elucidate the sequences and post-translational modifications of two eight-cysteine toxins (cal12a and cal12b of type 12 framework) that block voltage-gated Na + channels. Based on homology of leader sequence and mode of action, these toxins...

... factors (either peptides or neuromodulators) are produced in the brain and thoracic ganglia (TG). Two other regulatory non-peptide compounds, the steroid ecdysone and the sesquiterpene MF, are produced by the Y-organs and the mandibular organs, respectively. In the current review, I have tried...

... mosquitoes ( Aedes aegypti ). Proctolin, leucomyosuppressin (LMS), serotonin and octopamine, which are known to modulate insect muscle contractions, and a mosquito neuropeptide, Aedes Head Peptide I (Aea-HP-I), which inhibits host-seeking behavior, were tested in the bioassays. LMS depressed contractile...

... from clones produced by immunizing mice with a mixture of CCK8/bovine serum albumin conjugate and CCK8/keyhole limpet hemocyanin conjugate. For each immunogen, two coupling agents, glutaraldehyde and 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC), were used to cross-link the peptide to the carrier...

.... , Howard , J. C. , Butcher , G. W. , Haemmerling , G. J. and Neefjies , J. J. ( 1994 ). Selectivity of MHC-encoded peptide transporters from human, mouse and rat . Nature 367 , 648 – 651 . Mosckovitz , R. , Yan , N. , Heimer , E. , Felix , A. , Tate , S...

...Petra Skiebe; Henning Schneider ABSTRACT The effects of four Diploptera punctata allatostatin peptides on the stomatogastric nervous system of the crab Cancer borealis were studied. All of the peptides had similar actions on the activity of neurons involved in rhythmic movements of the pyloric...

.../BF00297494 Brogan , R. T. and Pitman , R. M. ( 1981 ). Axonal regeneration in an identified insect motoneurone . J. Physiol., Lond . 319 , 34P – 35P . Cuthbert , B. A. and Evans , P. D. ( 1989 ). A comparison of the effects of FMRFamide-like peptides on locust heart...

...Brian A. Cuthbert; Peter D. Evans ABSTRACT The responses of the semi-isolated heart preparation of the locust to the peptide FMRFamide and a range of its analogues is described. The nature of the response observed depended on the structure of the analogue and its concentration. In some cases...

...Peter D. Evans; Jorge Villegas ABSTRACT The effects of two specific antagonists of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptors were investigated on the VIP-induced hyperpolarization of the membrane potential of the Schwann cell of the giant nerve fibre of the tropical squid. Both ( p Cl-D-Phe 6...

... acetyl-choline and an FMRFamide-like peptide); the Retzius cells (which contain serotonin) ; and the pressure sensory neurones, which contain an unidentified transmitter. Heart motoneurones (HE) and anterior pagoda (AP) cells in culture reacted with antiserum against the peptide FMRFamide...

...Peter D. Evans; Camilla M. Myers ABSTRACT The modulatory actions of FMRFamide and related peptides on tension generated in the extensor-tibiae muscle of the locust hindleg by stimulation of the slow excitatory motor neurone (SETi) depend upon the frequency of stimulation of SETi. They have...

... transmission and the modulation of these effects by biogenic amines and peptides. The extensor-tibiae muscle of the hind leg of the locust is a much studied, large muscle that is innervated by three identified motor neurones and one identified modulatory neurone. Much attention has recently been focused...

...Nathan J. Tublitz; James W. Truman ABSTRACT The abdominal ganglion neurosecretory cells responsible for the synthesis and release of two insect neurohormones, cardioacceleratory peptides 1 and 2 (CAP 1 and CAP 2 ), from the perivisceral organs (PVOs) have been identified in the tobacco hawkmoth...