... management, we review (a) the magnitude of O 2 stores, (b) past studies of O 2 store depletion and (c) our recent investigations of O 2 store utilization during sleep apnea and dives of elephant seals ( Mirounga angustirostris ) and during dives of emperor penguins ( Aptenodytes forsteri ). We conclude...

... and takes account of the effect of hair on free convection. Using data from the literature to evaluate all but two of the parameters, we apply the model to metabolic rate data on phocid seals, otariids (sea lions), penguins and minke whales. We show that the model is able to reproduce two unusual features...

...Boris M. Culik; Rory P. Wilson; Rudolf Bannasch ABSTRACT Energetic requirements of under-water swimming in pygoscelid penguins were studied in Antarctica, using respirometry together with a 21 m long swim canal and externally attached devices recording the swimming speed and dive duration...

...P. J. Butler; A. J. Woakes ABSTRACT Heart rate and aerobic metabolism have been recorded from three Humboldt penguins, Spheniscus humboldti , freely diving on a freshwater pond (9 × 4·6 × 2·7 m deep), using an implanted radiotransmitter and an open circuit respirometer. Oxygen uptake at mean dive...