...-piece fragments of tadpole larvae of the ascidian Ciona , lacking most of the anterior trunk and posterior tail, autonomously and periodically express tail-beating bursts. Locomotion Tadpole larva Ascidian Tunicate Swimming Pacemaker Japan Society for the Promotion of Science http...

...Denis V. Abramochkin; Vladislav S. Kuzmin; Vladimir Matchkov; Andrey A. Kamensky; Tobias Wang ABSTRACT To provide the first description of the exact location of primary pacemaker of the squamate heart, we used sharp microelectrode impalements and optical mapping of isolated sinus venosus...

...Rachel L. Sutcliffe; Shaorong Li; Matthew J. H. Gilbert; Patricia M. Schulte; Kristi M. Miller; Anthony P. Farrell ABSTRACT We examined cardiac pacemaker rate resetting in rainbow trout following a reciprocal temperature transfer. In the original experiment, performed in winter, 4°C-acclimated fish...

...) channels, which play an important role in establishing the pacemaker rate of vertebrate hearts, were postulated to be present in this ancestral vertebrate heart, and it was also theorized that changes in hagfish heart rate with oxygen availability involved altered HCN expression. Partial gene cloning...

... and function of the proteins and genes contributing to the cycling of the clock in crayfish Procambarus clarkii are scarce. In this study, we investigated whether three proteins that interact in the feedback loop of the molecular clock described for Drosophila are expressed in the putative circadian pacemakers...

...A. Garm; S. Mori SUMMARY Like all other cnidarian medusae, box jellyfish propel themselves through the water by contracting their bell-shaped body in discrete swim pulses. These pulses are controlled by a swim pacemaker system situated in their sensory structures, the rhopalia. Each medusa has four...

... photosensitive to blue light spectra and ubiquitous in animals and plants, in the putative pacemakers of Procambarus clarkii, namely the eyestalk and brain, at different times of the 24 h light:dark cycles. Using different experimental light protocols and by means of qualitative/quantitative immunofluorescence...

... central pattern generator pacemaker disinhibition iontophoresis The electric signaling behavior of mormyrid fish is characterized by two components: the waveform of each electric organ discharge (EOD) and the sequence of pulse intervals (SPI). While the EOD is constant and signals the sender's...

... the clock genes period and timeless in Drosophila , were proposed as pacemaker candidates. In several insect species, pigment-dispersing hormone-immunoreactive neurons are closely associated with the accessory medulla, a small neuropil in the optic lobe, which was suggested to be a circadian clock neuropil...

... sensitivity to high-frequency electrical stimuli or to ensure that such stimuli are able to modulate efficiently the pacemaker that sets the discharge frequency. e-mail: [email protected] 10 5 2002 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2002 2002 active sensory system pacemaker...

...Richard A. Satterlie; Thomas G. Nolen ABSTRACT The classic view of swimming control in scyphozoan and cubozoan jellyfish involves a diffuse motor nerve net activated by multiple pacemaker sites that interact in a simple resetting hierarchy. Earlier modeling studies of jellyfish swimming, utilizing...

... pulsation of the dorsal vessel was always transmitted from posterior to anterior, with a conduction velocity of 0.014 m s −1 in the heart and 0.001 m s −1 in the aorta when the heart rate was 60 beats min −1 . (ii) There was no pacemaker activity in the aorta. (iii) The duration of the compound action...

...Hiroshi Yamagishi; Euichi Hirose ABSTRACT Developmental changes in heartbeat pacemaker mechanisms were examined electrophysiologically in the isopod crustacean Ligia exotica. The heartbeat of embryos and early juveniles was myogenic. The heart muscle cells were coupled electrically...

... tentacle contraction nervous system nerve ring giant axon intracellular recording action potential relay system carrier system pacemaker central circuitry This is the second of two papers describing the interactions of neurones running in the nerve rings of a rhopalonematid medusa...

...G. O. Mackie; R. W. Meech ABSTRACT The relay system is an interneuronal pathway in the margin of the jellyfish Aglantha digitale . It excites a second interneuronal pathway, the carrier system, and is itself excited by pacemaker neurones concerned with slow swimming. It also excites a slow...

..., WI 53233, USA. 23 9 1992 © 1993 by Company of Biologists 1993 model locomotion oscillation pacemaker lamprey Ichthyomyzon unicuspis . The non-linearities of neural systems have usually been quantitatively analyzed with the voltage-clamp method ( Hodgkin and Huxley...