... groups of low-molecular weight cryoprotectants in intertidal invertebrates: osmolytes and anaerobic byproducts. In our study, we examined which group of candidate cryoprotectants correlate with plasticity in freeze tolerance in mussels using 1 H NMR metabolomics. We found that the freeze tolerance of M...

...Jon P. Costanzo; Richard E. Lee, Jr SUMMARY We tested the hypothesis that urea, an osmolyte accumulated early in hibernation, functions as a cryoprotectant in the freeze-tolerant wood frog, Rana sylvatica . Relative to saline-treated, normouremic (10 μmol ml –1 ) frogs, individuals rendered...

...Masatomi Hosoi; Kazuharu Takeuchi; Hideki Sawada; Haruhiko Toyohara SUMMARY Most aquatic invertebrates adapt to environmental osmotic changes primarily by the cellular osmoconforming process, in which osmolytes accumulated in their cells play an essential role. Taurine is one of the most widely...

...Jon P. Costanzo; Richard E. Lee, Jr SUMMARY The role of urea as a balancing osmolyte in osmotic adaptation is well known, but this `waste product' also has myriad other functions in diverse taxa. We report that urea plays an important, previously undocumented role in freezing tolerance of the wood...

...Paul H. Yancey SUMMARY Organic osmolytes are small solutes used by cells of numerous water-stressed organisms and tissues to maintain cell volume. Similar compounds are accumulated by some organisms in anhydrobiotic, thermal and possibly pressure stresses. These solutes are amino acids...

.... To study the ureosmotic capability of skate embryos, we measured a variety of possible osmolytes and ornithine–urea cycle (OUC) enzyme activities in little skate embryos,and determined their physiological response to dilute seawater (75% SW)exposure relative to controls (100% SW). The urea:trimethylamine...

...Marjorie L. Patrick; Timothy J. Bradley ABSTRACT In this study, we demonstrate that two of the osmolytes utilized in the osmoconforming strategy of larval Culex tarsalis are regulated by two fundamentally different signals. When the external osmolality was increased using salinity (sea salts...

... increases in salinity. * e-mail: [email protected] 28 10 1999 26 01 2000 © 2000 by Company of Biologists 2000 mosquito larva Culex tarsalis Culex quinquefasciatus proline trehalose compatible solute osmolyte ion osmoconformer volume regulation drinking...

...Paul H. Yancey; Joseph F. Siebenaller ABSTRACT Trimethylamine N -oxide (TMAO) is an organic osmolyte present at high levels in elasmobranchs, in which it counteracts the deleterious effects of urea on proteins, and is also accumulated by deep-living invertebrates and teleost fishes. To test...

... to accumulate taurine across the basolateral surface from the hemolymph plays a significant role in the intracellular regulation of this important osmolyte and may effect osmolality-dependent changes in the intracellular concentration of taurine. 12 9 1994 © The Company of Biologists Limited 1995...