...John G. Whitehead; Terrell Worrell; John J. Socha ABSTRACT Many flying animals use optic flow to control their flight. During landing maneuvers, pigeons, hummingbirds, bats, Draco lizards and bees use the -constant braking strategy. This strategy regulates the approach by keeping the ratio...

... image movements across the eye, termed optic flow ( Gibson, 1950 ; Koenderink and van Doorn, 1987 ). In principle, optic flow allows moving animals to detect and counteract involuntary course deviations. This is perhaps most relevant during flight, where locomotor trajectories need to be controlled...

... on visual memories to solve conflicting situations. We investigated whether the observed behaviour was due to other guidance systems, such as path integration or optic flow-based flight control, and found that neither of these systems was sufficient to explain the behaviour. Ten statistical tests were...

.... Most studies on the dance-related odometer are based on experiments with Apis mellifera foragers trained in small tunnels with black and white patterns, which allows the creation of quantifiable changes in optic flow. In this study, we determined the waggle phase duration-distance curves of two Asian...

...-licence-1-1/ Summary: When flying in a flight mill, flies with constrained body pitch compensate external visual perturbations applied to their retinal slip by changing their flight speed. Visual control Optic flow Insect flight Locomotor constraint Flying insects rely heavily...

...Anna Stöckl; Rebecca Grittner; Keram Pfeiffer ABSTRACT Flying animals require sensory feedback on changes of their body position, as well as on their distance from nearby objects. The apparent image motion, or optic flow, which is generated as animals move through the air, can provide...

... gradually traded off their longitudinal velocity to lateral velocity and approached the gap with increasing lateral displacement and lateral velocity. Bumblebees shaped their flight trajectory depending on the salience of the gap, indicated in our case by the optic flow contrast between the region within...

...Sean Copley; Kalyanasundaram Parthasarathy; Mark A. Willis ABSTRACT While tracking odor plumes, male hawkmoths use optic flow cues to stabilize their flight movements with respect to their environment. We studied the responses of freely flying moths tracking odor plumes in a laboratory wind tunnel...

.... The visual resolution that limits the detection and use of optic flow for flight control in both species of honeybee is lower than the previously anatomically determined resolution and differs from object detection limits of A. mellifera , providing evidence that the limits of spatial resolution and contrast...

.... , Zhang , S. , Srinivasan , M. V. and Tautz , J. ( 2001 ). Honeybee dances communicate distance by optic flow . Nature   411 , 581 - 583 . 10.1038/35079072 Fan , D. , Rich , D. , Holtzman , T. , Ruther , P. , Dalley , J. W. , Lopez , A. , Rossi , M...

... flying insects respond to changes in wind speed and surrounding optic flow, the open-loop sensorimotor response of female Queensland fruit flies ( Bactrocera tryoni ) was examined. A total of 136 flies were exposed to stimuli comprising sinusoidally varying optic flow and air flow (simulating forward...

...Bart R. H. Geurten; Benedikt Niesterok; Guido Dehnhardt; Frederike D. Hanke ABSTRACT Moving animals can estimate the distance of visual objects from image shift on their retina (optic flow) created during translational, but not rotational movements. To facilitate this distance estimation, many...

...) changes in direction of the substratum are detected by the anterior lateral eyes (ALEs); and (iii) in relation to the linear component of the outbound run, an increase of optic flow, in either the lateral or ventral fields of view, caused spiders to search for the burrow at a point nearer to the goal...

...@gmail.com ) Competing interests The authors declare no competing or financial interests. 25 1 2016 10 7 2016 © 2016. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2016 Summary: Wind alters bumblebee landing performance and may preclude optic flow-based strategies for control...

... righting might have evolved in arboreal insects prior to the development of flight, and could have served as the precursors for flight control mechanisms ( Dudley et al., 2007 ; Dudley and Yanoviak, 2011 ; Yanoviak et al., 2009 ). Aerial descent Flight control Optic flow Rotation Tarsal...

...Alberto Ugolini The problem sandhoppers face when they find themselves on the dry sand is to reach as quickly as possible the belt of moist sand near the water. In the present study, I ask whether, alongside many other orienting factors, sandhoppers use the optic flow they experience to maintain...

... eyes. Secondly, we changed the optic flow supplied by a black-and-white grating (λ=2 cm) perceived either in the lateral or in the ventral field of view. Finally, the period of the lateral or ventral grating was changed from λ=2 cm to λ=1 cm. Our results indicate that visual information contributes...

...Joseph Bak-Coleman; Autumn Court; D. A. Paley; S. Coombs SUMMARY Rheotaxis is a robust, multisensory behavior with many potential benefits for fish and other aquatic organisms. Visual (optic flow) cues appear to be sufficient for rheotaxis, but other sensory cues can clearly compensate for the loss...

... mellifera and the stingless bee Melipona seminigra measure distance visually using optic flow–movement of images as they pass across the retina. The honey bees gauge height using image motion in the ventral visual field. The stingless bees forage at different tropical forest canopy levels, ranging up to 40...

...B. Geoff Horseman; Martin W. S. Macauley; W. Jon P. Barnes SUMMARY This paper describes a search for neurones sensitive to optic flow in the visual system of the shore crab Carcinus maenas using a procedure developed from that of Krapp and Hengstenberg. This involved determining local motion...