.... This basic property of nonlinear averaging – known as ‘Jensen's inequality’ or ‘the fallacy of the average’ – has important implications for all of biology. For instance, a burgeoning awareness of Jensen's inequality has improved our ability to predict how plants and animals will respond to a warmer and more...

... are estimated from experimental data and combined with the relevant components of spatial variation estimated from sampling programs to obtain the scale transition (e.g. Melbourne and Chesson, 2006 ). The key concept behind STT is nonlinear averaging – i.e. the averaging of nonlinear functions. We know...