...Arunkumar Krishnan; Helgi B. Schiöth; Peter A. V. Anderson The origin and evolution of the nervous system is one of the most intriguing and enigmatic events in biology. The recent sequencing of complete genomes from early metazoan organisms provides a new platform to study the origins of neuronal...

...Frederic Libersat; Ram Gal Summary Millions of years of co-evolution have driven parasites to display very complex and exquisite strategies to manipulate the behaviour of their hosts. However, although parasite-induced behavioural manipulation is a widespread phenomenon, the underlying neuronal...

...Aleksey Y. Malyshev; Pavel M. Balaban SUMMARY Beating of cilia lining the foregut of gastropods facilitates the swallowing of food and, therefore, plays a role in feeding behavior. Despite the fact that neural control of feeding is well studied in mollusks, no neurons controlling ciliary beating...

... Movement Detectors(DCMDs), respond to objects on an impending collision course. However, little is known about how these neurons respond when challenged with multiple,looming objects of different complex shapes. I presented locusts with objects resembling either another locust or a bird approaching...

...Philip E. Bickler SUMMARY An effective treatment for brain ischemia is a pressing medical need. Research on brain ischemia has largely focused on understanding the mechanisms of neuron death as a way of identifying targets for therapy. An attractive alternative approach is to identify the survival...

...Bernd Grünewald SUMMARY In order to understand the neuronal processes underlying olfactory learning, biophysical properties such as ion channel activity need to be analysed within neurons of the olfactory pathway. This study analyses voltage-sensitive ionic currents of cultured antennal lobe...

...Philip E. Bickler; Paul H. Donohoe SUMMARY The damage caused to mammalian neurons during ischaemic events in the brain(e.g. following a stroke), is an area of major interest to neuroscientists. The neurons of hypoxia-tolerant vertebrates offer unique models for identifying new strategies to enhance...

... by injecting sensitive animals with the neuropeptide ecdysis-triggering hormone (ETH). Exposure to ETH stimulates the release of eclosion hormone (EH) which, in turn, activates a set of neurons containing crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) by elevating their levels of intracellular cyclic GMP. We...

... and is stabilized by four disulphide bridges. It is lethal to crustaceans ( Cambarellus montezumae ), less toxic to insects (crickets) and non-toxic to mammals (mice) at the doses assayed. In neurons isolated from the X organ–sinus gland system of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii , it blocks the Na + currents...

...Seth A. Budick; Donald M. O’Malley ABSTRACT Larval zebrafish ( Brachydanio rerio ) are a popular model system because of their genetic attributes, transparency and relative simplicity. They have approximately 200 neurons that project from the brainstem into the spinal cord. Many of these neurons...

... theoretical values derived from static measurements. A test preparation, an isolated neuron, yielded an oxygen flux of 11.46±1.43 pmol cm −2 s −1 (mean ± S.E.M.), a value in agreement with those available in the literature for single cells. Microinjection of metabolic substrates or a metabolic uncoupler...

... ) 15 4 1998 25 6 1998 © The Company of Biologists Limited 1998 membrane protein Na + −K + −2Cl − cotransport Na + –Cl − cotransport K + –Cl − cotransport cotransport bumetanide furosemide thiazide kidney choroid plexus neuron Gitelman’s syndrome Bartter’s syndrome...

...Philip E. Bickler; Leslie T. Buck ABSTRACT Down-regulation of ion channel activity (‘channel arrest’), which aids in preserving critical ion gradients in concert with greatly diminished energy production, is one important strategy by which anoxia-tolerant neurons adapt to O 2 shortage. Channel...

... of transmitters; (3) reconstitution of transporters; (4) effects of neurotoxins and neuron blocking agents; (5) function of synaptic-vesicle-like microvesicles from endocrine tissues. * To whom correspondence should be addressed. © 1992 by Company of Biologists 1992 synaptic vesicles...

...Daisuke Yamamoto; Nobuyuki Suzuki ABSTRACT Permeability and gating properties of single, non-inactivating, K + channel currents in cultured Drosophila neurons were studied using the gigaohm-seal patch-clamp technique. The non-inactivating K + currents were activated by depolarizing the membrane...