... that can modify responses to external stimuli. A change in hunting strategy thus results from coordinated effects of a neurohormone on a set of independent sensorimotor processes and the overall activity level of the animal. * Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) Competing...

... to release modulators into the heart (e.g. Christie, 2011 ). Nonetheless, the presence of GSEFLamide transcripts in the eyestalk ganglia suggests the possibility that these peptides may be released as circulating neurohormones from the XO–SG complex, a neuroendocrine system located in the eyestalk (e.g...

.... * Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) 15 2 2012 29 3 2012 © 2012. 2012 Daphnia pulex Daphnia magna Cladocera genome transcriptome neurohormone neurotransmitter peptide amine small molecule transmitter gas transmitter Over its geographic range...

... ( [email protected] ) 12 8 2010 © 2011. 2011 Rhodnius diuresis neurohormone The blood-feeding hemipteran Rhodnius prolixus ingests a large blood meal, which is followed by a period of rapid diuresis. The ingested blood is taken into the anterior midgut, modified...

...) cardioactive peptide diuretic hormone 31 (DH 31 ) expressed sequence tag (EST) heart neurohormone neuromodulator neuropeptide reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) transcriptomics Homarus americanus In hematophagous insects, and likely sap feeders as well, a rapid, post...

... neurohormone neuropeptide The crustacean cardiac neuromuscular system is one of the premier models for understanding the basic principles that underlie the modulatory control of rhythmic motor programs ( Cooke, 2002 ). This system, which is composed of the cardiac ganglion (CG) and the heart...

.... * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 21 2 2008 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2008 2008 stomatogastric nervous system neurohormone neuropeptide amine feeding Neural circuits contained within the crustacean stomatogastric nervous system (STNS...

... of a sulfakinin-encoding cDNA from a crustacean, as well as the first demonstration of bioactivity for native sulfakinins in this group of arthropods. * Author for correspondence (e-mails: [email protected] ) 3 4 2007 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2007 2007 cDNA neurohormone...

... ) 6 6 2006 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2006 2006 Cancer crabs sinus gland (SG) pericardial organ (PO) anterior cardiac plexus (ACP) anterior commissural organ (ACO) stomatogastric nervous system (STNS) stomatogastric ganglion (STG) neurohormone crustacean hyperglycemic...

... in the brain of the spiny lobster, Panulirus argus. Cell Tiss. Res . 278 , 337 -352. Schwarz, T. L., Lee, G. M., Siwicki, K. K., Standaert, D. G. and Kravitz, E. A. ( 1984 ). Proctolin in the lobster: the distribution, release, and chemical characterization of a likely neurohormone. J. Neurosci...

... nerve alone. The effects of candidate neurohormones on cardioarterial valves were examined by measuring the pressure in each artery at which haemolymph flows out of the heart through the valve. Serotonin, octopamine, norepinephrine, glutamate (Glu) and proctolin constricted the cardioarterial valves...

...), one of the four ganglia of the STNS, contains the most intensively investigated neuronal circuits. The other ganglia, including the two commissural ganglia (CoGs) and the oesophageal ganglion (OG), are thought to be modulatory control centres. Peptides reach the STNS either as neurohormones...

...-duesseldorf.de 01 12 2000 12 02 2001 © 2001 by Company of Biologists 2001 P 50 oxygen affinity hemocyanin crustacean modulator intrinsic lactate urate purine neurohormone Crustaceans can be found in a wide range of habitats, in which environmental conditions...

... 5-HT serotonin neurohormone neurosecretory neuron ventral nerve cord electrophysiology identified neuron escape behavior agonistic behavior invertebrate lobster Crustacea Homarus americanus The amine serotonin (5-HT) has been suggested to play key roles in the regulation...

... and dorsal abdominal) exhibits a unique spectrum of responses to a battery of neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, glutamic acid, γ -aminobutyric acid) and neurohormones (dopamine, octopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, crustacean cardioactive peptide, FLRFamide-related peptides F1 and F2, and proctolin...

... putative neurohormones in these tissues. We find that the majority of modulators present in the input axons of the stomatogastric ganglion are also present in at least one of the neurohemal organs. Specifically, allatostatin-like, buccalin-like, cholecystokinin-like, FLRFamide-like, GABA-like...

... Autónoma de México, México. 17 03 1995 © The Company of Biologists Limited 1995 RPCH neurohormone crayfish Procambarus clarkii neuropeptide crustacean retina electroretinogram The response to light in the crustacean compound eye is modulated in a variety of ways...

.... The results support the hypothesis that these two neuropeptides act as neurohormones to modulate the cardiac and neuromuscular systems in crayfish. Quantal synaptic current recordings from the deep extensor muscles indicate that both peptides increase the number of quanta of transmitter released from synaptic...

... with F 2 . The results suggest that FMRFamide-related peptides act as neurohormones in crayfish and are likely to play roles in controlling circulation and defecation. Fig. 7. Bioactivity of peptide F 2 and two fractions from the Phenyl RP-HPLC column. Tension was recorded from an isolated crayfish...

...Barbara S. Beltz; Edward A. Kravitz ABSTRACT Biogenic amines and peptides can act both as circulating neurohormones and as classical central and peripheral neurotransmitters. This article reviews some of the variety of roles played by amines and peptides in crustacean nervous systems. Cardiac...