... work is properly attributed. Summary: Investigation of Gekko gecko alarm calls revealed distinct call types, during which the larynx is being pulled back by muscles innervated by motoneurons located in the hindbrain. Functional morphology Sound production Neurobiology Neural pathways...

... Summary: This Review discusses the environmental, neurobiological and genetic factors driving extreme host preference diversity and plasticity among the Culicidae, both within the life history of a mosquito and across evolutionary time-scales. Insect Sensory processing Learning Sensory systems...

... the object is moving overhead or at ground level, respectively. In that context, crabs clearly use a simple rule to categorize an object as a prey item or a predator. This system offers an attractive possibility for investigating the neurobiology of a decision-making process leading to opposite responses...

... at the individual and colony levels. Honeybee Defence Aggression Alarm pheromones Neurobiology The honeybee ( Apis mellifera ) is a eusocial insect. Central to their society is the nest, which contains all the resources of the colony: the queen (the only reproductive female), the brood (attended...

... and comparative neurobiology and physiology of this important survival system ( Table 2 ). Table 2. The criteria for animal pain and whether these criteria are shown by terrestrial vertebrates or aquatic animals including teleost fish, cephalopods and decapod crustaceans Prior to 2002...

... factors on the inheritance of neurobiological disease risk. In addition, the potential adaptive value of epigenetic inheritance, and relevant current and future questions are discussed. * Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) Author contributions B.J.S. and I.M.M. wrote the paper...

... ). Neurobiology of resilience . Nat. Neurosci. 15 , 1475 - 1484 . Sarkar J. , Wakefield S. , MacKenzie G. , Moss S. J. , Maguire J. ( 2011 ). Neurosteroidogenesis is required for the physiological response to stress: role of neurosteroid-sensitive GABAA receptors . J...

... jellyfish locomotion motor control neurobiology Medusae of the cnidarian class Hydrozoa show a dramatic variation in bell shape, ranging from prolate forms (thimble-shaped – height greater than bell diameter) to oblate forms (disc-shaped – bell height less than bell diameter). Many of the prolate...

... of Biologists 1999 locomotion biomechanics modeling neurobiology control This perspective outlines an interdisciplinary approach to the study of diverse, legged locomotor systems. In so doing, we briefly summarize current hypotheses, explore an approach for generating future models...

... in Cirripedia. III. Rhythmical patterned activity in central neurons and its modulation by shadows . Biol. Bull. mar. biol. Lab., Woods Hole 151 , 141 – 160 . Gwilliam , G. F. ( 1987 ). The neurobiology of barnacles . In The Biology of Barnacles , vol. 5 , Crustacean Issues (ed...