... energy counteracting negative buoyancy in nature. The absence of low-speed energetic/hydrodynamic data for many nekton has left a void in our understanding of the costs of low-speed swimming, which may be high even among neutrally buoyant fish because of power requirements for stability ( Webb, 1993...

... were very active at low speeds, and vertical force imbalances indicated that the fins are responsible for as much as 83.8 % of the vertical thrust at such speeds. 6 8 2001 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2001 2001 squid negative buoyancy hydrodynamics swimming jet propulsion...