... velocity. When comparing the highest performing individual of each species, the mean peak epaxial muscle strain during the period of peak power of royal knifefish was approximately two times the absolute peak epaxial strain (which occurred after the period of peak power) of largemouth bass and bluegill...

... Summary: Decoupling of muscle and joint kinematics in kangaroo rat lateral gastrocnemius muscles allows for a longer period of shortening near optimal velocities, which enables the muscle to sustain maximal power generation during jumping. Muscle strain Electromyography EMG Muscle function...

... deg for all axes and individuals. Muscle strains and shortening distances were measured from the same undistorted and calibrated videos used for the XROMM analysis. The XrayProject program in MATLAB was used to calculate the x,y,z coordinates of each muscle marker and all pairwise intermarker...

....,2008 ), muscle strain ( Nelson and Jayne, 2001 ; Roberts et al., 2007 ; Higham et al.,2008 ) and muscle force( Walmsley et al., 1978 ; Daley and Biewener, 2003 ; Kaya et al., 2003 ; Higham et al., 2008 ). These changes are associated with the increased energy requirements that accompany...

... and power production were measured in isolated bundles of red fibres from 0.5 L by the work loop technique. Power was maximal at 3–4 Hz and fell to less than 50% of maximum after 6 Hz. Based on the timing of activation, muscle strain, tail beat frequencies and forces in the caudal tendon while swimming, we...

... of walking and running. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 273 , 2861 -2867. Gillis, G. B. and Biewener, A. A. ( 2002 ). Effects of surface grade on proximal hindlimb muscle strain and activation during rat locomotion. J. Appl. Physiol. 93 , 1731 -1743. Gregersen, C. S., Silverton, N...

... for the analysis of midline kinematics to estimate the degree of muscle strain that occurs during body deformation. Comparison of these data was used to examine the phase relationship between local muscle shortening and local body bending during unsteady, large amplitude maneuvers. Our analysis finds that muscle...

... of prey capture among aquatic vertebrates. suction feeding largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides muscle function sonomicrometry electromyography muscle strain Muscles generate force and strain to power animal behaviors. Muscle function may be considered as the time-course and amplitude...

...Jeanine M. Donley; Robert E. Shadwick SUMMARY Patterns of red muscle strain and activation were examined at three positions along the body (0.42, 0.61 and 0.72 L , where L is total body length) and correlated with simultaneous measurements of midline kinematics during steady swimming (approx. 1.0 L...

... the aerobic swimming muscle in tunas, while force transmission is provided primarily by connective tissue structures, such as skin and tendons, rather than by muscles performing negative work. We also compared measured muscle length changes with midline curvature (as a potential index of muscle strain...

... in the timing of the first peak in body curvature and muscle strain along the length of the body. Modelling studies related the rate of body bending to the muscle torque and hydrodynamic resistance of the fish. The muscle torque produced on the spine was greatest in the central region of the trunk...

...James M. Wakeling; Ian A. Johnston ABSTRACT White muscle strains were recorded using sonomicrometry techniques for 70 fast-starts in the common carp Cyprinus carpio L. High-speed ciné images were recorded simultaneously for 54 of these starts, and muscle strain was calculated independently from...

...David J. Coughlin; Lexia Valdes; Lawrence C. Rome ABSTRACT Recent attempts to determine how fish muscles are used to power swimming have employed the work loop technique (driving isolated muscles using their in vivo strain and stimulation pattern). These muscle strains have in turn been determined...

... Myoxocephalus scorpius skeletal muscle muscle strain muscle power output temperature acclimation During cyclic undulatory swimming, the length fluctuations of axial muscle fibres in several fish have been observed to be approximately sinusoidal (e.g. Hess and Videler, 1984 ; van Leeuwen et al...