... axial muscle strain differs slightly from other suction power studies, in that we used the sum of the subregional muscle lengths, whereas prior papers used the distance from the neurocranium or cleithrum to the caudalmost axial muscle marker ( Camp et al., 2015 , 2018 , 2020 ). The summation method...

... cannot parse muscle versus tendon length changes, nor reveal muscle strain behavior. To determine the relative contribution of muscle length changes to MTU length changes, we can quantify muscle strain through in vivo measurements such as ultrasound or sonomicrometry and reveal the functional role...

... the manuscript. Competing interests The authors declare no competing financial interests. 28 8 2013 9 12 2013 © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2014 Cleithrum Hypaxial Muscle strain Prey capture XROMM Suction feeding in fish requires substantial...

... * Author for correspondence (e-mail: thigham@fas.harvard.edu ) 30 4 2008 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2008 2008 synergist running locomotion bird guinea fowl bipedal muscle sonomicrometry electromyography muscle work muscle strain dynamic stiffness Animal...

... and power production were measured in isolated bundles of red fibres from 0.5 L by the work loop technique. Power was maximal at 3–4 Hz and fell to less than 50% of maximum after 6 Hz. Based on the timing of activation, muscle strain, tail beat frequencies and forces in the caudal tendon while swimming, we...

... and agility over a variety of conditions. † Author for correspondence (e-mail: abiewener@oeb.harvard.edu ) * Both authors contributed equally to the work 12 6 2007 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2007 2007 EMG force muscle strain spring-mass work Prior studies...

... for the analysis of midline kinematics to estimate the degree of muscle strain that occurs during body deformation. Comparison of these data was used to examine the phase relationship between local muscle shortening and local body bending during unsteady, large amplitude maneuvers. Our analysis finds that muscle...

... of prey capture among aquatic vertebrates. (e-mail: mcqcarroll@ucdavis.edu ) 31 12 2004 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2004 2004 suction feeding largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides muscle function sonomicrometry electromyography muscle strain Muscles generate...

...Jeanine M. Donley; Robert E. Shadwick SUMMARY Patterns of red muscle strain and activation were examined at three positions along the body (0.42, 0.61 and 0.72 L , where L is total body length) and correlated with simultaneous measurements of midline kinematics during steady swimming (approx. 1.0 L...