... of muscle architecture. Single muscle fibres from the psoas major of old and young F344BN rats were dissected and chemically permeabilized. Single muscle fibres were mounted between a force transducer and length controller, then maximally activated (pCa 4.5). To assess rFD, fibres were actively shortened...

... States population height and mass, respectively, across the range 36–103 years. Our purpose was to quantify the scaling relationships between human muscle architectural properties and body size. We found that human muscles depart greatly from isometric scaling because muscle mass scales with body mass...

... muscles . J. Anat. 229 , 142 - 152 . 10.1111/joa.12474 Dick , T. J. M. and Clemente , C. J. ( 2016 ). How to build your dragon: Scaling of muscle architecture from the world's smallest to the world's largest monitor lizard . Front. Zool. 13 , 1 - 17 . 10.1186/s12983-016...

... between the cranium and mandible exists. Moreover, both cranium and mandible shape covary with jaw muscle architecture. Caecilians show a gradient between species with a long retroarticular process associated with a large and pennate-fibered m. interhyoideus posterior and species with a short process...

... and economy has been attributed primarily to individual differences in muscle fiber type composition. While certainly crucial for performance specialization, fiber type likely interacts with muscle architectural parameters, such as fascicle length, to produce this trade-off. Longer fascicles composed of more...

... with disuse and aging . Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. 35 , 126 - 134 . 10.1097/jes.0b013e3180a030ec Narici , M. V. , Maganaris , C. N. , Reeves , N. D. and Capodaglio , P. ( 2003 ). Effect of aging on human muscle architecture . J. Appl. Physiol. 95 , 2229 - 2234 . 10.1152...

... and power were based upon the muscles' cross-sectional area and were constant across the different isotonic loads applied to the muscle group. The second model (Mdl2) assumed that the F – V properties of the fibers within each muscle were identical, but because of differences in muscle architecture...

... with microscopy methods. Laser diffraction Muscle architecture Sarcomere length Laser diffraction (LD) is used to measure sarcomere length ( L s ) in muscle. L s is an important physiological parameter because it directly determines muscle fiber active force production ( Gordon et al., 1966...

... the force generation ability by reducing fiber velocities. Our results demonstrate the influence of soleus muscle architecture on the walk-to-run transition and the effects of muscle–tendon compliance on the plantarflexors' ability to generate ankle moment and power. The study presents data that permit...

... non-injured) are due to an increase in the healthy limb parameters instead of a reduction in the corresponding parameters of the injured limb. Studies with humans that investigated the changes in muscle architecture caused by strength training showed that muscle fibers hypertrophy in response...

... was achieved both by changes in muscle size without changes in muscle architecture ( Wainwright, 1987 ) and by changes in muscle architecture without changes in muscle size ( Herrel et al., 2005 ). Moreover, in finches, bite-force positive allometry was proportional to allometric changes in jaw muscle size...

... active range of motion. Functionally, these two phenomena seem to counteract each other since no significant differences in static or dynamic torques were observed. * Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) 26 4 2010 © 2010. 2010 high heels muscle architecture...

... including exudates. Maximizing jaw opening theoretically compromises the bite forces that marmosets can generate during gouging. To investigate how jaw-muscle architecture and craniofacial position impact muscle performance during gouging, we combine skull and jaw-muscle architectural features to model...

.... Burkholder, T. J., Fingado, B., Baron, S. and Lieber, R. L. ( 1994 ). Relationship between muscle fiber types and sizes and muscle architectural properties in the mouse hindlimb. J. Morphol. 221 , 177 -190. Carrier, D. R., Heglund, N. C. and Earls, K. D. ( 1994 ). Variable gearing during locomotion...

...Carolyn M. Eng; Laura H. Smallwood; Maria Pia Rainiero; Michele Lahey; Samuel R. Ward; Richard L. Lieber SUMMARY The functional capacity of a muscle is determined by its architecture and metabolic properties. Although extensive analyses of muscle architecture and fiber type have been completed...

... ) 1 2 2008 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2008 2008 biomechanical model development myomere strain muscle architecture teleost The trunk muscles in cephalochordates, hagfish, lampreys, fish(Chondrichtyes and Osteichtyes) and salamanders (Urodela) are arranged...

... for correspondence at Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC San Diego School of Medicine and VA Medical Center, La Jolla, CA 92093-9151, USA(e-mail: [email protected] ) 27 6 2005 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2005 2005 sarcomere compliance muscle architecture modeling surgery fiber...

... output during escape responses in an Antarctic fish. J. Exp. Biol. 200 , 703 -712. Gans, C. and Bock, W. ( 1965 ). The functional significance of muscle architecture – a theoretical analysis. Ergeb. Anat. Entw. Gesch. 38 , 115 -142. Gans, C. and Gaunt, A. S. ( 1991 ). Muscle architecture...

... sarcomerogenesis atrophy intermediate filament muscle architecture mouse Skeletal muscle exhibits an extraordinary ability to remodel both its structural and metabolic properties in response to an altered environment. One structural property that readily adapts is serial sarcomere number. An example...

... biomechanical model collagen fibre elasmobranch fish locomotion myoseptum muscle architecture teleost trunk muscle Active movement by animals depends on deformations in soft tissues, in particular muscles. Muscle architecture is constrained by the physical properties of matter, by functional...