... work provides the first kinematic analysis of Tribolium larval locomotion and gives insights into its neural control, creating a foundation for future motor control research in a genetically tractable beetle that jeopardises global food security. Authors for correspondence ( [email protected]...

... to flight shows precise timing of single muscles does not produce precise turns, highlighting the importance of coordination across the entire motor program. Motor control Neuromechanics Manduca sexta Muscle coordination Insect flight Stimulation Air Force Office of Scientific Research...

... description of this large dataset and systematically explored correlations and the variability between leg kinematics on an individual basis as well as across individuals. In the field of motor control, biomechanics and kinematics, PCA has been used to extract motor synergies in the context of cortical...

... its protective effect while administering flumazenil. We found that oral administration of fipronil impaired motor control and walking ability. In contrast, kaempferol was innocuous and protected flies from developing the motor-impaired phenotype, whereas the co-administration of flumazenil...

... properties and centrally coordinated muscle activation is not yet understood. Central motor control in cephalopods has been functionally investigated in only a limited number of studies. In the octopus, it has been shown that, in the brain's higher motor centers, the absence of motor topographic maps...

... , A. ( 2017 ). What makes a reach movement effortful? Physical effort discounting supports common minimization principles in decision making and motor control . PLoS Biol. 15 , e2001323 . 10.1371/journal.pbio.2001323 O'Brien , M. K. and Ahmed , A. A. ( 2015 ). Threat affects risk...

.../100000006 N00014-21-1-2516 European Cooperation in Science and Technology http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000921 FA 1301 Seventh Framework Programme http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100011102 FP7-231608 Cephalopod Muscular hydrostat Motor control Muscle damping Muscle...

... onset of the jet. Motor control Fins Stability Temporal precision Neuroethology Archerfish use water jets to down aerial prey from considerable distances (e.g. Lüling, 1963 ; Dill, 1977 ; Elshoud and Koomen, 1985 ; Rischawy et al., 2015 ; Schuster, 2018 ). The forces transferred...

... Frings , H. ( 1945 ). The reception of mechanical and thermal stimuli by caterpillars . J. Exp. Zool.   99 , 115 - 140 . 10.1002/jez.1400990302 Grillner , S. and El Manira , A. ( 2020 ). Current principles of motor control, with special reference to vertebrate locomotion...

.... Gait Proleg Locomotion Climbing Motor control Most legged terrestrial animals change their gait (i.e. stepping pattern) to accommodate different substrates, carrying loads, speeds and inclines. For articulated animals such as vertebrates and adult insects, changes in gait (e.g. from walking...

... interests. © 2020. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2020 Summary: We describe how a highly conserved insect brain region may play a general role in a wide variety of insect orientation behaviours. Lateral accessory lobe Insect navigation Orientation Motor control Central...

... to enhance control and stability. EMG Fish Propulsion Motor control Sensory feedback Transection * Authors for correspondence ( [email protected] , [email protected] ). The pectoral fins of fishes perform dual and interacting roles as motors and sensors. As motors, the pectoral...

... rhythmic movements. Here, I discuss how it can be applied to the control of complex, non-rhythmic, learned stereotypical activity sequences. CPG Fixed action pattern Motor control Rhythm In 1911, Thomas Graham Brown demonstrated that a cat spinal cord can produce rhythmic output to limb...

... that vision plays a role in pecking adjustments only before movement initiation in pigeons, whereas crows may use vison during movement. Columba livia Corvus macrorhynchos Reaching Grasping Motor control Pecking behaviour is the fundamental motor repertoire in avian foraging...

... an animal has to internally define a desired direction. To be able to align its body with this direction, it additionally has to establish its own heading angle. If the two directions do not match, a body turn has to be initiated to compensate for the difference. Neuroanatomy Insect brain Motor...

... insects use different leg coordination patterns in a speed-dependent way. Motor control Locomotion Insect walking Gait Walking is an important behavior for most terrestrial animals; in many species, it is the primary mode of locomotion used in various contexts such as foraging, migrating...

... and motor learning in novel environments. Biomechanics Motor control Locomotor adaptation Mechanical work Split-belt treadmill In walking animals, each leg uses muscular activation to perform mechanical work to propel the body forward and maintain upright posture. In doing so, the work...

... Ltd 2017 http://www.biologists.com/user-licence-1-1/ Summary: Pigeons control their pecking movements with two distinct stop phases that are dependent on stimulus size and type. Head movement Motor control Bird Pecking Motion capture Learning The characteristic head...

... pattern has to be adaptable with regard to walking speed and direction. Currently, it is often assumed that the motor output produced during walking in insects depends on three interdependent processes. Motor control Locomotion Insect walking Sensory feedback Inter-leg coordination...

... muscle activity and spring compression. Kinematics Stomatopoda Predation Motor control Extracellular recording Electromyography Power amplification Latches In extremely fast animal systems, muscle contraction occurs prior to movement in order to store elastic potential energy, which...