... anthropology Kinematics Morphology Postcranium Primates Covariation between wrist bone morphology and maximal range of motion during ulnar deviation and supination in extant nonhuman primate taxa Marie J.M. Vanhoof1 Lorenzo Galletta2, Isabelle De Groote3,4, Evie E. Vereecke1 1Department of Development...

...M. A. R. Koehl ABSTRACT Organisms are subject to the laws of physics, so comparative biomechanics is a powerful approach for identifying basic principles that apply across taxa of how morphology affects performance of mechanical functions such as locomotion, feeding or resisting damage. Journal...

..., and how they compare with chimpanzees. Understanding the relationships between posture and gait mechanics, with known differences in morphology between species, can help researchers better interpret the effects of trait evolution on bipedal walking. We quantified pelvis and lower limb 3D kinematics...

... of a comparative database, we recommend four practices associated with searching, structuring the database, establishing version control and ensuring accessibility. Biomechanics Morphology Open science Phylogenetics Physiology Systematic review Natural Sciences Engineering Research Council...

... depends on tuning between components of an elastic system (the muscle, spring-driven mass and lever system), we do not know whether elastic systems systematically adapt to functional demand. To test whether altering work and power generation during maturation alters the morphology of an elastic system, we...

..., indicate that finger flexors are likely not involved in buffering ground impact in chimpanzee knuckle walking. Anatomy Biomechanics Morphology Hand Pan troglodytes Locomotion The African great apes – Gorilla spp., Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) and Pan paniscus (bonobo...

... differences, suggesting anterior–posterior specialization. Principal planta retractor muscle Morphology Micro-CT Soft body locomotion Animal movements depend on a complex interaction between neural commands, muscle function, and the shape and material properties of the body. For animals...

.... In order to mitigate the impacts of invasive predators on native species in different landscapes, we must understand how the prey's morphology and performance determine their survival. Here, we evaluated how phenotypic traits related to escape performance predict the probability of survival...

... via elastic recoil. Cetacea Mysticete Temporomandibular TMJ Morphology Biomechanics Elasticity Hampden-Sydney College Rorquals (groove-throated whales, Balaenopteridae) include humpback, fin and blue whales, the largest animals that have ever lived. During ram-propelled...

...Amanda N. Cooper; Christopher B. Cunningham; Jeremy S. Morris; James S. Ruff; Wayne K. Potts; David R. Carrier ABSTRACT Intense physical competition between males for mating opportunities is widespread among mammals. In such agonistic encounters, males with combinations of morphological...

...Joshua L. Gaschk; Celine H. Frère; Christofer J. Clemente ABSTRACT The morphology and locomotor performance of a species can determine their inherent fitness within a habitat type. Koalas have an unusual morphology for marsupials, with several key adaptations suggested to increase stability...

... morphology (XROMM). In doing so, we also tested the commonly held notion that the shell constrains girdle motion in turtles. We found that the pectoral girdle exhibited greater rotations than the pelvic girdle on land and in water. Additionally, pelvic girdle rotations were greater on land than in water...

...Samuel Ginot; Anthony Herrel; Julien Claude; Lionel Hautier ABSTRACT Morphological traits are frequently used as proxies for functional outputs such as bite force performance. This allows researchers to infer and interpret the impacts of functional variation, notably in adaptive terms. Despite...

... mass of female Japanese quail, but only the current social environment affects reproductive traits and offspring mass at hatching. Transgenerational effects Group size Reproductive investment Steroid hormones Physiology Morphology Effects of the maternal social environment on female...

... to medial baleen of bowhead and fin whales, suggesting a greater capacity for lateral bending. Baleen bending has major consequences not only for feeding morphology and energetics but also for conservation given that entanglement in fishing gear is a leading cause of whale mortality. * Present...

... and material properties. Puncture Diversity Materials Energy Morphology Impact Puncture, defined as using a sharpened tool to penetrate a target, is widespread in the biological realm. Examples of biological puncture mechanisms can be found in numerous phyla and span several orders...

...Ian R. Hays; Mark E. Hauber ABSTRACT Very little is known about how morphology affects the motion, spatial stability and resulting viability of avian eggs. The limited existing research focuses on the uniquely pyriform egg shapes found in the Alcidae bird family. This unusual shell shape...

... generating high abdominal pressures need a more robust sphincter than those generating low pressures. We examined diaphragm morphology in seven cetacean and five pinniped species. All odontocetes had morphologically similar sphincters despite large differences in collagen content, and mysticetes had muscle...

... the morphology of the diaphragm to adapt to its in vivo loading. Here, we tested the hypothesis that significant pressure differentials develop between the thoracic and abdominal cavities in diving cetaceans by examining diaphragms from several cetacean and pinniped species. We found that: (1) regions...

... to Boundary Layer Meteorology . Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers . Weis-Fogh , T. ( 1961 ). Thermodynamic properties of resilin, a rubber-like protein . J. Mol. Biol.   3 , 520 - 531 . 10.1016/S0022-2836(61)80018-1 Wootton , R. J. ( 1992 ). Functional morphology of insect...