...) tested if this loss in torque was accompanied by a corresponding loss in force, thereby testing the potential role of changes in moment arms between conditions; (2) removed all inter-muscular connections between the quadriceps muscles, thus determining the potential role of inter-muscular force...

... Elastic Moment arm Maximal jumping requires large power outputs. This is because increasing limb force for a maximal effort reduces the time in contact with the ground and, thus, the time available for muscles to do work. In fact, power output during jumping can exceed what muscle contractile...

... that were represented using 44 Hill-type muscle models. Muscle architecture data, such as muscle masses, fascicle lengths and pennation angles, were drawn from literature sources. The model permits calculation of 3D muscle moment arms, muscle–tendon lengths and isometric muscle forces over a wide range...

... on in situ measurements of muscle actions. * Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) 21 10 2010 © 2011. 2011 muscle model biceps femoris moment arm Although studies of biological motor control often focus on the strategies implemented by neural systems...

...Sabrina S. M. Lee; Stephen J. Piazza SUMMARY The musculoskeletal structure of the foot and ankle has the potential to influence human sprinting performance in complex ways. A large Achilles'tendon moment arm improves the mechanical advantage of the triceps surae but also produces larger shortening...

.... This variation might be due to variation in the storage and reutilization of elastic energy in tendons. Using a simple musculoskeletal model, it was predicted that the amount of energy stored in a tendon during a given movement depends more critically on moment arm than on mechanical properties of the tendon...

.../joint subsystem captured the passive behavior of the real frog's musculoskeletal system. To do this, we compared the moment arms of musculotendon complexes measured experimentally with moment arms predicted by the model. We also compared sarcomere lengths measured experimentally at the starting and take...