... is not related to flight duration or change in lean body mass. Avian migration Basal metabolic rate Peak metabolic rate Metabolic scope Flight Each year, billions of songbirds (Passeriformes) travel extraordinary distances between their wintering grounds and their more temperate breeding...

... will be impaired through oxygen and capacity limited thermal tolerance [OCLTT; reduced aerobic metabolic scope (MS)] and, on acute exposure to high temperatures, thermal safety margins may be reduced because of constrained acclimation capacity of upper thermal limits. Using the New Zealand triplefin fish...

...). There was no significant effect of metabolic scope on U crit . Contrary to expectation, we rejected the hypothesis that voluntary speed decreases with increasing metabolic cost of movement, except in familiar spatial (after 10 min of exploration) and thermal (24°C but not 18 or 30°C) environments. The implications...

... in late pregnancy would lead to reduced aggression and a lower metabolic cost of behaviour in the mosquitofish Gambusia holbrooki . Contrary to our prediction, females became more aggressive in late pregnancy, but metabolic scope (i.e. the metabolic energy available for activity and behaviour) decreased...

... consumption decreased and then stabilized. The PMR of an individual was calculated as the maximum mean of O 2 consumption over a 1 min period. Data are expressed as watts and we calculated the metabolic scope (PMR/SMR) of each individual, which provides an estimate of intensity of exercise ( Pierce et al...

... is repaid by aquatic breathing . J. Fish Biol. 71 , 1649 - 1661 . Wu R. S. S. ( 2002 ). Hypoxia: from molecular responses to ecosystem responses . Mar. Pollut. Bull. 45 , 35 - 45 . 8 6 2011 © 2011. 2011 avoidance hypoxia anaemia metabolic scope haemoglobin P...

... is achieved by increasing the affinity of the haemocyanin rather than by circulatory adjustments. The same reductions in gill area seriously reduce the already very limited metabolic scope of Octopus . Experiments in an exercise wheel show that this is in the region of 115 ml kg -1 h -1 (against an SMR of 42...