...Michael W. Country; Kristina Haase; Katrin Blank; Carlos R. Canez; Joshua A. Roberts; Benjamin F. N. Campbell; Jeffrey C. Smith; Andrew E. Pelling; Michael G. Jonz ABSTRACT Seasonal modifications in the structure of cellular membranes occur as an adaptive measure to withstand exposure to prolonged...

... characterized, and are likely to be more complex than simply changes in gene expression or protein modification. Finally, we present a hypothesis regarding an unexplored area for biochemical adaptation to ocean acidification. In this hypothesis, proteins and membranes exposed to the external environment...

... as a cryoprotectant. Structural cytoskeletal proteins were also strongly represented among the genes upregulated in only cold-acclimated crabs. There were no consistent changes in composition or the level of unsaturation of membrane phospholipid fatty acids with cold acclimation, which suggests that neither short...

...Youngnam Cho; Riyi Shi; Richard B. Borgens SUMMARY Chitosan, a non-toxic biodegradable polycationic polymer with low immunogenicity, has been extensively investigated in various biomedical applications. In this work, chitosan has been demonstrated to seal compromised nerve cell membranes thus...

...F. Song; K. L. Lee; A. K. Soh; F. Zhu; Y. L. Bai SUMMARY Detailed investigations on the structural and mechanical properties of the forewing of the cicada were carried out. Measurement of the structures of the wings showed that the thickness of the membrane of each cell and the diameter of each...

...), the skin supported only a very small flux of NH 3 (0.0095 μmol cm -2 min -1 ). Cholesterol content (4.5 μmol g -1 ) in the skin was high, which suggests low membrane fluidity. Phosphatidylcholine, which has a stabilizing effect on membranes, constituted almost 50% of the skin phospholipids...

.... Microsomes were prepared from the kidney and brain of the rat ( Rattus norvegicus ) and the cane toad ( Bufo marinus ), and Na + /K + -ATPase molecular activity was determined. The membrane lipids surrounding this enzyme were isolated and phospholipids prepared. ‘Surface pressure/area’ isotherms were...

...James A. Logue; Art L. De Vries; Elfrieda Fodor; Andrew R. Cossins ABSTRACT Teleost species from cold environments possess more disordered brain synaptic membranes than species from warm habitats, thereby providing equivalent physical structures at their respective habitat temperatures. We have...

...Tomomi Tani; Richard D. Allen; Yutaka Naitoh ABSTRACT The contractile vacuole of the freshwater protozoan Paramecium multimicronucleatum is a membrane-bound exocytotic vesicle that expels excess cytosolic water. The in vitro contractile vacuole isolated from P. multimicronucleatum along...

...Gene A. Scarborough ABSTRACT Large single three-dimensional crystals of the dodecylmaltoside complex of the Neurospora crassa plasma membrane H + -ATPase (H + P-ATPase) can be grown in polyethylene-glycol-containing solutions optimized for moderate supersaturation of both the protein surfaces...

...Lubica Supekova; Mohammed Sbia; Frantisek Supek; Yuemei Ma; Nathan Nelson ABSTRACT The subunit structure of the vacuolar H + -ATPase (V-ATPase) membrane sector is not entirely known. The proteolipid is the only subunit that has been implicated in the mechanism of energy transfer in the enzyme. We...

... proton/substrate exchange. The plasma membrane transporters are driven by an electrochemical gradient of sodium generated by a Na + /K + -ATPase. Two distinct families of transporters were identified in this group. One cotransports sodium with glutamate and other amino acids and requires additionally...

... in the ambient solution resulted in the evolution of proton pumps during the dawn of life on earth. These proton pumps maintained neutral pH inside the cells and generated electrochemical gradients of protons (proton-motive force) across their membranes. The existence of proton-motive force enabled the evolution...

...M. B. A. Djamgoz; Jill Dawson ABSTRACT A model of resting membrane electrogenesis in skeletal muscles of prepupal Calliphora erythrocephala was formulated. From experiments in which reversible effects of changing extracellular K + and Na + activities on the membrane potential (E M ) were measured...

... of their intracellular Cl - , although the resting membrane potentials were only transiently affected. It is concluded that an anionic interferent exists inside muscles, that this artefactually elevates the measured intracellular Cl - activities, and that Cl - makes no contribution to resting membrane electrogenesis...

...JC Ellory; MW Wolowyk; JD Young ABSTRACT Capnophorin (Band 3) is the major red cell transport protein, present in human erythrocyte membranes at 1 × 10 6 copies per cell. Under physiological conditions, the transporter is capable of moving 50 mol (Cl − /HCO 3 − ) 1 cells −1 min −1 ( Knauf, 1979...

.... Small cross-veins act as stiffeners within the girders, allowing the membrane to carry web shearing forces as pure tension, through a stressed-skin effect. Bending experiments confirm that the membrane significantly increases the rigidity of wing components. The properties of the membrane are unknown...