... represents a new context for evaluating limits to force production by flying animals. Allometry Flight Load lifting Maximum performance Trajectory kinematics Limits to maximum flight performance may derive independently from anatomical, physiological and aerodynamic constraints on animals...

..., and the potential generality of the decline in elevation-dependent flight performance remains to be established for other small birds. Altitude Eurasian tree sparrow Flight Maximum performance Wing loading Summary: Intraspecific differences in flight-related morphological and physiological...

...Travis J. Hagey; Jonathan B. Puthoff; Kristen E. Crandell; Kellar Autumn; Luke J. Harmon ABSTRACT To understand how organisms adapt, researchers must link performance and microhabitat. However, measuring performance, especially maximum performance, can sometimes be difficult. Here, we describe...

... muscle power output exhibited a negative allometry with respect to muscle mass, supporting theoretical predictions from muscle mechanics. * Author for correspondence ([email protected]) 10 11 2009 © 2010. 2010 allometry body size elevation flight load-lifting maximum performance...