... medium provided that the original work is properly attributed. Summary: Experimental measures of muscle energy consumption are difficult to obtain during in vivo conditions; however, physiologically based mathematical models can predict muscle energy use in vivo based on muscle mechanical...

... sources into a common framework. Extrapolation of available data across species, laboratory techniques and conditions requires a quantitative approach. Mathematical models allow us to integrate molecular information into cellular, tissue and organ-level, and ultimately clinically relevant scales...

... hypoxia with a compensatory increase in ventilation. A conceptual and mathematical model was developed to analyse the efficiency of ventilatory and circulatory adjustments in improving oxygen transport to tissue. Model predictions showed that an increase in perfusion rate was most effective under both...

... accurately measured. This study investigates the aerodynamic and gravitational forces on ‘ideal falcons’ and uses a mathematical model to calculate speed and acceleration during diving. Ideal falcons have body masses of 0.5–2.0 kg and morphological and aerodynamic properties based on those measured for real...