... of female N. sipedon or their offspring. This is contrary to previous studies that have shown that Hg affects vertebrate immune function ( Spalding et al., 2000 ; Finkelstein et al., 2007 ; Hawley et al., 2009 ). However, two recent studies found few adverse sublethal effects of maternally transferred...

... Limited 2004 2004 rodent Meriones crassus flea immune response cross-immunity maternal transfer sex difference Ectoparasitic arthropods are often thought of as crawling or flying hypodermic needles that suck blood and inject disease-causing agents. However,saliva of blood-feeding...