... must accommodate significant stretch associated with a large prey bolus, but data remain sparse for how the material properties of snake skin vary: longitudinally within an individual, after ingesting large prey and among species. To test whether these three factors affected the mechanical properties...

... to explain CHC differences between species, but also between individuals of a social insect colony, we need to consider that hydrocarbons possess different material properties, which will impact their suitability for signalling purposes. Just like volatility matters for volatile signals, vapour pressure...

... properties of macroalgal tissues, the interplay of these factors as they change seasonally and affect algal mechanical performance has not been worked out. We used the perennial kelp Egregia menziesii to study how the material properties of the rachis supporting a frond changed seasonally over a 2 year...

... otherwise rigid coralline algae the flexibility needed to survive in the surf zone; the viscoelastic nature of joint tissue enhances this structural innovation. Flexibility Calliarthron cheilosporioides Material properties Viscoelasticity Creep Stress relaxation Stress recovery Ecological...

... material properties in response to a pull. A change in cuticle material properties could be based on the pad's internal fibrillar ultrastructure. In stick insects, the default angle of the larger cuticular rods was measured to be 57 or 71 deg to the pad surface in the proximal-to-distal orientation ( Dirks...

... biomechanics material properties The sand tiger shark, Carcharias taurus Rafinesque 1810, is a large lamniform species found sporadically in temperate and tropical coastal waters throughout the world ( Compagno, 2001 ). The conservation status of various populations ranges from ‘near threatened...

... modiolus Linnaeus) and two epifaunal mytilids ( Mytilus californianus Conrad and Mytilus edulis Linnaeus). We compared material properties with and without the assumption that changes of length and area during tensile testing are insignificant, demonstrating that previous researchers have overestimated...

... significantly weaker than mytilid threads. Atrina rigida threads were significantly less extensible than mytilid threads, while C. mitis threads exhibited the highest extensibility ever recorded for the distal region of byssal threads. However, there were also interesting similarities in material properties...

... that material properties were a selective pressure in the evolution of this unusual skeletal material. The acellular ribs of Myoxocephalus polyacanthocephalus are curved, hollow beams that decrease in size both distally and posteriorly along the rib series. First and second moments of area decreased distally...

... characterized by unstable flow,flexibility is not only considered adaptive( Vogel, 1984 ) but is also generally regarded as a `pre-requisite for survival'( Harder et al., 2004 ). adaptation biomechanics Calliarthron decalcification drag flexibility geniculum intertidal macroalgae material...

... adaptation biomechanics breaking stress Calliarthron decalcification drag flexibility geniculum intertidal macroalgae material properties The intertidal zone of rocky shores is a hydrodynamically stressful environment, where breaking waves can generate water velocities greater than 25 m s...

... of seasonal changes in the material properties of byssal threads to an annual cycle in mussel attachment strength. Tensile mechanical tests were performed seasonally, on both newly produced threads and on threads outplanted in the field for up to nine weeks. Threads produced in spring were over 60% stronger...

... 2006 algae allometry biomechanics breaking stress Calliarthron coralline algae decalcification drag force geniculum intertidal material properties risk Organisms that live in wave-exposed, intertidal habitats must contend with remarkable mechanical stresses on a daily basis...

...-distal material property changes are small and seem unlikely to affect flight performance of barbs. Our observations of barb bending, breaking and morphology, however,lead us to propose a design principle for barbs. We propose that, by being thicker-walled dorso-ventrally, the barb's flexural stiffness...

... the force range by which the claw can interact with a substrate, forces generated by the freely moving legs were measured using a load cell force transducer. To obtain information about material properties of the claw, its mechanical strength was tested in a fracture experiment, and the internal structure...

..., but a coherent story is beginning to emerge. The combined effect of frond shape and material properties ensures that algae are flexible. In small individuals, flexibility allows the plant to reorient and reconfigure in flow, thereby assuming a streamlined shape and reducing the applied hydrodynamic force...

... dimensions, they usually compensate such that smaller setal tip area is partially compensated for by higher setal density. * e-mail: [email protected] 24 01 2001 28 03 2001 © 2001 by Company of Biologists 2001 morphology cuticle material properties scale...

... locust Schistocerca gregaria wing material properties chitin The wings of insects contain no muscles. In flight, their cyclically varying three-dimensional shape is determined partly by forces exerted by controlling muscles and skeletal components at the extreme base and partly...

.... galloprovincialis . Tensile tests in general reveal similar material properties among species: the proximal region has a lower initial modulus, a lower ultimate stress and a higher ultimate strain than the distal region. The distal region also yields at a stress well below its ultimate value. In whole thread tests...

... 1993 ©The Company of Biologists Limited 1994 scaling material properties structural design Schistocerca gregaria locust Skeletal scaling demonstrates the relationship between shape and size in the structural design of a skeleton. Specific scaling models, or allometries, have...