... as a weapon. Aggression Human evolution Fist Hominidae Male–male competition Muscle performance Primates In many species, male mating opportunity is determined by fighting ability and performance in male–male contests ( Andersson, 1994 ; Darwin, 1871 ). This has led to the evolution...

... Summary: Capital- and income-breeding strategies can be applied to males, but factors shaping these strategies are different from those found in females. Fasting Sexual selection Mating system Male–male competition Intrasexual selection Lekking Polygyny Oxidative stress Trade-offs...

... ; Puts et al., 2012 ; Sell et al., 2009 , 2012 ; Carrier, 2011 ; Morgan and Carrier, 2013 ; Carrier and Morgan, 2015 ). Male–male competition Sexual selection Fighting Great ape Hominidae Fist Summary: Recorded strains in the metacarpal bones during striking support...

... proportions of hominin hands reflect, in part, sexual selection to improve fighting performance. * Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) 6 6 2012 24 9 2012 © 2013. 2013 male–male competition fighting great ape Hominidae The shape of our hand...