... 4 2022 © 2022. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2022 http://www.biologists.com/user-licence-1-1/ Kinematics Locomotor transitions Potential energy barrier Terradynamics Terrestrial locomotion Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation https://dx.doi.org/10.13039...

... on flexed, abducted hind limbs and with a single-peaked vertical ground reaction force. Differences in human and bipedal chimpanzee three-dimensional (3D) kinematics have been well quantified, yet it is unclear what the independent effects of using a crouched posture are on 3D gait mechanics for humans...

...Sam Van Wassenbergh; Tim Andries; Evy Pauly; Anick Abourachid ABSTRACT Much like nails that are hammered into wood, the beaks of woodpeckers regularly get stuck upon impact. A kinematic video analysis of pecking by black woodpeckers shows how they manage to quickly withdraw their beaks, revealing...

... species in which the mandible functions as a single structure rotating only at the quadratomandibular joint (QMJ). In this study, we examine kinematic consequences of the IMJ novelty in a freshwater characiform fish, the herbivorous Distichodus sexfasciatus . We combine traditional kinematic approaches...

... , and analyzed the associated kinematics and torque requirements. We found that C. paradisi typically uses cantilevering for small gaps (<47.5% snout–vent length, SVL). Above this distance, C. paradisi were more likely to use dynamic movements than cantilevers, either arching upward or employing a below...

... that seahorses generate suction flows that are 8 times faster than those of similar-sized fish, and that the temporal patterns of cranial kinematics and suction flows in seahorses differ from the conserved pattern observed across other actinopterygians. However, the spatial patterns retain the conserved...

..., reports are rare and anecdotal. Many species are found globally at depths of 600–2000 m, and so observation and collection depend on using remotely operated submersible vehicles. With a combination of in situ video footage and laboratory measurements, we have quantified kinematic aspects of this dual...

.... and Wake , D. B. ( 2000 ). Aquatic Feeding in Salamanders. In Feeding: Form, Function, and Evolution in Tetrapod Vertebrates (ed. K. Schwenk), pp. 65–94. Academic Press . Delheusy , V. and Bels , V. L. ( 1999 ). Feeding kinematics of Phelsuma madagascariensis (Reptilia: Gekkonidae...

... the location and orientation. Ants identified in each frame were associated across frames using a Kalman filter generating trackways ( Straw et al., 2011 ). For details, see the supplementary material in Clifton et al. (2020) . The general kinematic variability of ant walking, especially on uneven terrain...

..., environmental temperature can influence the ability of ectotherms to capture prey and/or defend themselves against predators. However, previous research on the kinematics of ectotherms suggests that some species may use elastic storage mechanisms when attacking or defending, thereby mitigating the effects...

..., they mostly use simple vertical jaw movements for food processing. The exception to this generally accepted view is the occurrence of some propalinal chewing in sauropsids. We combined 3D kinematics and morphological analyses from biplanar high-speed video fluoroscopy and micro-computed tomography...

... in water than they do in air. Biomechanics Energy Kinematics Power amplification Stomatopod Diverse biological systems, including locusts and mantis shrimp, use latch-mediated, spring-actuated systems to generate movements with incredibly high speeds and mechanical power ( Gronenberg...

... about the landing itself. We disentangled takeoff and landing conditions by hopping toads off platforms of different heights while measuring electromyographic (EMG) activity of an elbow extensor (m. anconeus) and capturing high-speed images to quantify whole body and forelimb kinematics. This enabled us...

... present a study of the kinematics of unloaded and loaded locomotion in the polymorphic seed-harvesting ant Messor barbarus . In this species, large ants have larger heads relative to their size than small ants. Hence, their center of mass is shifted forward, and even more so when they are carrying a load...

...Aaron M. Olsen ABSTRACT Closed kinematic chains (CKCs), links connected to form one or more closed loops, are used as simple models of musculoskeletal systems (e.g. the four-bar linkage). Previous applications of CKCs have primarily focused on biomechanical systems with rigid links and permanently...

... in neurobiology. Fish escape responses were originally viewed as highly stereotypic all-or-none behaviours. However, research on a wide variety of species has shown considerable taxon-specific and context-dependent variability in the kinematics and neural control of escape. In addition, escape-like motions have...

... on the dynamic interactions of springs and latches enables clear, comparable measurements and productive interdisciplinary pathways for biological analysis and engineering design. Elastic mechanism Springs LaMSA Locomotion Mechanical power output Kinematics The power amplification framework...

... Kinematics Larval fish Swimming performance The fast start is an important manoeuvre in the motion repertoire of many fish species across developmental stages ( Domenici and Blake, 1997 ; Hale et al., 2002 ). Fast starts are commonly divided into two types by the shape changes of the fish during...

... to employ asymmetrical, shearing jaw motions to break down its prey. We found that P. motoro modulates its feeding kinematics to produce two distinct types of chew cycles: compressive cycles and overbite cycles. The latter are characterized by over-rotation of the upper jaw relative to the lower jaw, past...

... of the territory. Highlighted Article: Territorial dragonflies pursuing conspecifics use an underdamped interception strategy, resulting in oscillating pursuit paths that may serve to intimidate or herd intruders out of the territory. Interception Territoriality Guidance Control Kinematics...