... aggressive hunting behavior, is attracted by CO 2 traps from up to 21 m away ( Wilson et al., 1972 ). However, species that predominantly quest to find hosts are only sporadically captured with CO 2 traps ( Garcia, 1962 ; Guedes et al., 2012 ). CO 2 is a kairomone used by many hematophagous parasites...

... is processed by prey sensory systems. To explore these issues, we exposed Rana dalmatina embryos to dragonfly chemical cues (kairomones) up to hatching. At different times after hatching (up to 40 days), we recorded morphology and anti-predator behaviour of tadpoles from control and kairomone-treated embryo...

... and that the presence of a specific volatile kairomone released by the host attracts C. japonica DL. * Present address: Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan. ‡ Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) Author contributions...

..., no information is available on species-specific kairomones that are released from host insects and directly attract DL. Caenorhabditis japonica is a bacterial-feeding nematode found on the burrower bug Parastrachia japonensis ( Kiontke et al., 2002 ). Caenorhabditis japonica DL are always detectable...