.... However, the cost magnitude relative to the cost of mechanical work, which features in many movements, is unknown. We therefore tested whether fast activation is costly compared with performing work or producing isometric force. We hypothesized that metabolic cost would increase with a proposed measure...

...Uzma Tahir; Jenna A. Monroy; Nicole A. Rice; Kiisa C. Nishikawa ABSTRACT The active isometric force produced by muscles varies with muscle length in accordance with the force–length relationship. Compared with isometric contractions at the same final length, force increases after active lengthening...

... neurons. One experimental series was designed to investigate the isolated effects of low temperature (10 and 0.5°C) and high potassium (20 and 30 mmol l −1 K + ) on isometric force production. The second experimental series aimed at investigating the combined effects of high potassium and low...

...Bethany A. Paterson; Ilya Marko Anikin; Jacob L. Krans SUMMARY We describe neuromuscular hysteresis – the dependence of muscle force on recent motoneuron activity – in the body wall muscles of larval Sarcophaga bullata and Drosophila melanogaster . In semi-intact preparations, isometric force...

... contributed equally to this work 3 11 2008 2009 muscle parvalbumin isometric force activation relaxation proteomics swimming Muscles power a huge diversity of activities requiring a wide range of mechanical properties; however, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms...

... isometric force calcium transport Muscles consume metabolic energy both when performing mechanical work and when simply producing force without work. Most straightforward is the energetic cost of performing work, which occurs at an efficiency of up to 25%( Woledge et al., 1985 ). Less...

... fibre bundles) (means ± S.E.M.). Part, but not all, of the difference is due to mitochondrial content. The maximum unloaded shortening velocity, 1.693±0.108 L 0 s -1 ( N =6 fibre bundles), was measured by the slack-test method. L 0 is the length giving maximum isometric force. The force/velocity...