... [glucose]. We also challenged animals with glucose, insulin or insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) injections and measured the rate of glucose clearance in normoxia and hypoxia. We found that: (1) blood [glucose] increases in moderate hypoxia in queens and pups, but only in severe hypoxia in adult...

... and fitness is less clear. Here, we show that Drosophila exposed to hypoxia during their larval period subsequently show reduced starvation stress resistance and shorter lifespan as adults, with these effects being stronger in males. We find that these effects are associated with reduced whole-body insulin...

...Ayelén M. Blanco; Juan I. Bertucci; José L. Soengas; Suraj Unniappan ABSTRACT This research assessed the direct effects of insulin on nutrient-sensing mechanisms in the brain of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) using an in vitro approach. Cultured hypothalamus and hindbrain were exposed to 1...

... chain AMPK HDAC Calcineurin Insulin Work-loop Force Power Ageing Obesity (see Glossary) is a major global health epidemic of the 20th and 21st centuries ( Busutil et al., 2017 ; Hales et al., 2017 ). The World Health Organization defines obesity as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation...

... concomitant with high rates of TCA cycle activity and associated anaplerotic pathways, which facilitate reduced protein catabolism, one of the hallmarks of efficient fasting. Differential regulation of hormone secretion and tissue sensitivity, primarily for insulin and cortisol, helps to facilitate...

...Carolina Mengoni Goñalons; Marie Guiraud; María Gabriela de Brito Sanchez; Walter M. Farina ABSTRACT Worker honeybees ( Apis mellifera ) carry out multiple tasks throughout their adult lifespan. It has been suggested that the insulin/insulin-like signalling pathway participates in regulating...

... rate and physiological markers of hormonal stress response, energy availability and anaerobic respiration in blood plasma across five ecologically relevant temperatures (24, 28, 32, 35 and 38°C; 3 h exposure). Corticosterone, insulin and glucose concentrations all increased with temperature...

...Mei-Qin Zhuo; Zhi Luo; Ya-Xiong Pan; Kun Wu; Yao-Fang Fan; Li-Han Zhang; Yu-Feng Song ABSTRACT The influence of insulin on hepatic metabolism in fish is not well understood. The present study was therefore conducted to investigate the effects of insulin on lipid metabolism, and the related...

...Jun Murakami; Ryuichi Okada; Yutaka Fujito; Manabu Sakakibara; Ken Lukowiak; Etsuro Ito SUMMARY Insulin's action in the brain can directly alter cognitive functioning. We have recently shown that molluscan insulin-related peptides are upregulated following a conditioned taste aversion (CTA...

... of neuromuscular signalling whilst the difference between levamisole and aldicarb highlights presynaptic effects. Presynaptic neuromuscular transmission increased between 1 and 5 days old in wild-type but not in the insulin/IGF1 receptor mutant daf-2 ( e1370 ). Intriguingly, there was no evidence of a role...

...Anna Drexler; Andrew Nuss; Eric Hauck; Elizabeth Glennon; Kong Cheung; Mark Brown; Shirley Luckhart SUMMARY The highly conserved insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling (IIS) pathway regulates metabolism, development, lifespan and immunity across a wide range of organisms. Previous...

...Xiao Li Zhao; Ana Regina Campos SUMMARY Whereas the pivotal role of insulin signalling in cell division, growth and differentiation is well documented, its role in the regulation of neuronal function and behaviour has recently become the focus of intense investigation. The simple organization...

... to different scenarios. In response to fasting, adiponectin expression was up-regulated in adipose tissue, while the expression of its receptors increased in white and red muscle. Insulin injection decreased adipoR1 expression in white and red muscles. We deduce that the adipoRs in trout muscle show opposite...

... changes in serum insulin level with the circulating leptin level and with the changes in body fat mass in S. heathi . An in vitro study showed insulin induced a significant increase in expression of leptin protein in WAT. The insulin-stimulated increase in leptin expression was associated with increased...

.... In both cases, fish were implanted with mini-osmotic pumps releasing 0.7 i.u. kg –1 day –1 bovine insulin, and mRNA transcripts and the protein phosphorylation status of proteins controlling glycemia and glucose-related metabolism were studied in fish killed 6 h after the last meal. We demonstrate...

...Sergio Polakof; Sandrine Skiba-Cassy; Georges Choubert; Stéphane Panserat SUMMARY The relative glucose intolerance of carnivorous fish species is often proposed to be a result of poor peripheral insulin action or possibly insulin resistance. In the present study, data from aortic cannulated rainbow...

...Chunchun Han; Jiwen Wang; Liang Li; Zhongxian Zhang; Li Wang; Zhixiong Pan SUMMARY In order to obtain some information on how fatty liver arises in geese, we investigated the role of insulin and glucose in triglyceride (TG) accumulation in goose primary hepatocytes. Goose primary hepatocytes were...

... at the end of the sampling period in all groups. Glucose clearance rates were not significantly different among test groups. A significant insulin response was observed in early lactation, no significant response was observed late in lactation and an intermediate response was observed late in the molt fast...

... of carbohydrates results in persistent hyperglycemia and impairs post-prandial down regulation of gluconeogenesis despite normal insulin secretion. Since gluconeogenic genes are mainly under insulin control, we put forward the hypothesis that the transcriptional function of insulin as a whole may be impaired...

...Mi-Ae Kang; Tiffany M. Mott; Erin C. Tapley; Edwin E. Lewis; Shirley Luckhart SUMMARY Observations from nematodes to mammals indicate that insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS) regulates lifespan. As in other organisms, IIS is conserved in mosquitoes and signaling occurs in multiple...