... 1996 K + activity gradient insect muscle metabolic ion pumps P-type ATPase Na + /K + -ATPase H + /K + -ATPase K + /Cl - cotransport Na + /K + /Cl - cotransport Phormia terraenovae Spodoptera exigua Throughout the insect orders, the extracellular ion levels...

... insect muscle innervation intersegmental convergence bushcricket cricket Decticus albifrons Gryllus bimaculatus The transverse muscles of the cricket abdomen are serially homologous muscle bundles that span bilaterally between the left and right edges of the sternites in abdominal...

... of Biologists 1990 octopamine receptor insect muscle modulation Octopamine is now known to be an important neuromodulator in invertebrates (reviewed by David and Coulon, 1985 ). One action of octopamine is to modify tension production by muscles: octopamine produces increases in twitch...

... work mechanical power synchronous muscle insect muscle muscle efficiency cycle frequency temperature flight hawkmoth Manduca sexta Behavioural observations on insects have often identified a minimum ambient or body temperature for flight ( Williams, 1940 ; Taylor, 1963 ; Heinrich...

... 1988 © 1988 by Company of Biologists 1988 glutamate ion channel ion-selectivity patch-clamp insect muscle The ion-selectivity of a membrane channel determines the nature of the current it conducts and, thereby, its role in the electrophysiological behaviour of an excitable...

... flight muscle Manduca muscle ultrastructure motor patterns insect muscle The wings of a flying insect move in a complicated path that may vary from stroke to stroke. The movements relative to the long axis of the body can be approximated at the wing tip by a distorted figure eight...

... 1987 phenyliminoimidazolidines octopamine receptors insect muscle A considerable amount of evidence suggests that the biogenic amine octopamine functions as a neuromodulator, a true neurotransmitter and a circulating neurohormone in insects (see Evans, 1985 a ). Multiple...

... FMRF amide peptides insect muscle modulation Immunocytochemical evidence has recently been presented for the presence of peptides related to the neuropeptide FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH 2 ) in specific subsets of neurones within the nervous systems of insects including the Colorado potato...

... insect muscle modulation An understanding of the physiological significance of the synaptic interactions between two neurones besides requiring a detailed knowledge of the direct actions of the neurotransmitter released by the presynaptic neurone, also needs to take into account the effects...

... and 45 days following denervation. It is suggested that the resumed spontaneous release of transmitter may be derived from regenerating nerve terminals. 21 08 1985 © 1986 by Company of Biologists 1986 denervation regeneration spontaneous miniature potential insect muscle...

... at higher frequencies than synchronous muscles. * This paper is dedicated to the late Professor J. W. S. Pringle who was a pioneer in studies of cicada muscles and a major contributor to our understanding of insect muscle in general. We think he would have enjoyed the new perspective given...

... during singing is about 3 %. 13 02 1985 © 1985 by Company of Biologists 1985 Work mechanical power insect muscle activity patterns flight song production Adult, male tettigoniids and crickets attract mates by rubbing their forewings together to produce a calling song...

...Robert .K Josephson ABSTRACT The mechanical power output of a synchronous insect muscle was determined by measuring tension as the muscle was subjected to sinusoidal length change and stimuli which occurred at selected phases of the length cycle. The area of the loop formed by plotting muscle...

... increased the time constant of decay of the potential. These results suggest that lanthanum does indeed have a postsynaptic action in addition to its prejunctional action in insect muscle fibres. 1 3 1983 13 7 1983 © 1983 by Company of Biologists 1983 Insect muscle neuromuscular...