... plasticity of the central nervous system has significant implications for regenerative medicine and sensory augmentation technology. © 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2013 vision behavior memory transplantation innervation plasticity frog One of the major challenges...

... a novel role for these receptors in vertebrates. No effects of adrenergic stimulation were detected in the posterior chamber. In a detailed examination of the musculature and innervation of the swimbladder to determine the anatomical substrate for these functional results, we found that the anterior...

...Cathleen Rotte; Jeannine Witte; Wolfgang Blenau; Otto Baumann; Bernd Walz SUMMARY Cockroach salivary glands are innervated by dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons. Both transmitters elicit saliva secretion. We studied the distribution pattern of neurons containing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA...

...Michael G. Jonz; Colin A. Nurse SUMMARY The fish gill is a highly specialized and complex organ that performs a variety of important physiological functions. In this article, we briefly review the innervation of important structures of the branchial region, such as the gill filaments, respiratory...

... 2004 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2004 2004 serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine dopamine synapsin innervation synapse immunocytochemistry salivary gland insect cockroach Periplaneta americana The salivary glands in the cockroach Periplaneta americana are of the acinar...

.... These studies demonstrate that MYH13 is preferentially expressed in the majority of orbital and global fibers in the central innervation zone of rabbit EOM. Many individual fibers express MYH13 with the fast IIb myosin and varying amounts of IIx myosin. The differential localization of MYH13, coupled...

...Donald L. Mykles; Scott Medler; Annette Koenders; Robin Cooper SUMMARY In the crayfish and lobster opener neuromuscular preparations of the walking legs and claws, there are regional differences in synaptic transmission even though the entire muscle is innervated by a single excitatory tonic motor...

..., epiphallus, ventral lobes and median pouch, are described, as are the muscles, cuticle, membranes and biomechanics of copulation. The innervation and sensory receptors have also been examined. Second, the functional role of the muscle in each genital organ has been determined by direct observation of muscle...

... extensor tibiae muscle and yet it is innervated by nine excitatory motor neurons, compared with only two for the extensor. To determine the pattern of innervation within the muscle by individual motor neurons, branches of the nerve (N5B2) that supplies the different muscle bundles were backfilled to reveal...

...Declan W. Ali ABSTRACT Insect salivary glands are glands associated with nutrient intake whose secretions are generally involved in the digestion and lubrication of food. They are under the control of neuroactive substances and may be innervated from several sources including the suboesophageal...

... and convergent motor supply, especially in the middle abdominal segments. In bushcrickets, each transverse muscle in segments 3–7 is innervated bilaterally by four pairs of neurones: (i) two pairs of contralateral excitatory motoneurones with axons that diverge, supplying two adacent muscles; (ii) one pair...

..., inserting on the third axillary sclerite of the wing hinge. Each muscle consists of two distinct parts, a and b ( Fig. 1 ). Each pleuroaxillary muscle is innervated by two motor neurones which give rise to a small and a large muscle potential in electromyogram recordings ( Fig. 6E ). The cell body of each...