... the rhythm-generating network without long-range input from structures such as the pons. Second, local inhibition near, or within, the rhythmogenic center may need to be overridden to express the respiratory rhythm. In sum, we found that subsaturating block of inhibitory neurotransmission led...

... of the primary motor cortex during dynamic plantarflexions and dorsiflexions and compared this with measures obtained during rest. Single- and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulations known as short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) were applied to the cortical representation of either the SOL...

... antagonist, attenuated the inhibition induced by octopamine on the oviducts and the bursa. Octopamine also increased the levels of cAMP in the oviducts, and this effect was blocked by phentolamine. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP mimicked the effects of octopamine by reducing the frequency of bursal contractions...

... the system. * Author for correspondence( [email protected] ) 20 8 2009 2009 crayfish acetylcholine octopamine excitation inhibition motor pattern Effective behaviors require that activities of different parts of an animal's nervous system be integrated. This necessary...

... of each inhibitor was similar:inhibitors elicit inhibitory junction potentials of similar sizes, both trigger muscle relaxations and both inhibit excitatory junction potentials and muscle contractions to a comparable extent. Thus, in the periphery, CI and OI appear to be equally powerful inhibitors...

... release of EH, there is a transient inhibition of the abdominal centers responsible for ecdysis. Transection experiments suggested that this suppression is via descending inhibitory units from the suboesophageal and thoracic ganglia. The duration of this inhibition appears to depend on the levels...

[email protected] 01 02 1999 22 03 1999 © 1999 by Company of Biologists 1999 olfaction olfactory neuron inhibition tadpole Xenopus laevis The standard model of olfactory transduction consists of odorant receptors with seven transmembrane domains...

... inhibitor. The inhibitory activity is removed by incubation of extracts with fatty-acid-free bovine serum albumin (FAF-BSA). However, FAF-BSA only partially reversed the inhibition of K + -dependent p NPPase on fish gills pre-exposed to the extracted products. We conclude that M. aeruginosa strains PCC 7820...

... for the CsCl pipette/NaCl bath combination and about −1 mV for the KCl pipette/NaCl bath combination. Reported voltages are uncorrected for these errors. 30 11 1993 © 1994 by Company of Biologists 1994 ion channel modulation dopamine inhibition snail Lymnaea stagnalis Many...

...K. Fraser; W. J. Heitler ABSTRACT We anatomically and physiologically identify four interneurones which inhibit the motor giant neurone (MoG) and an interneurone which inhibits both the MoG and the segmental giant (SG) neurone of crayfish. We term these the MoG-I1, -I2, -I3, -I4 and MoG/SG-I...

... the hindbrain have revealed neurones that are normally silent, but rhythmically inhibited during ‘fictive’ swimming. In these neurones pressure on the cement gland evokes depolarising potentials, often with one or more spikes. We propose that the stopping response depends on the excitation of pressure-sensitive...

...). The actions of Antho-RNamide on isolated muscle preparations of sea anemones and intact animals can be summarized as follows: (i) it evokes contraction of longitudinal muscles in tentacles and body wall; and (ii) it inhibits endogenous contractions of circular muscles in tentacles and body wall. Although we...

...-histidine) was tested. For histidine, the results were compared with those obtained from inhibition experiments, in which the same 14 amino acids were used as inhibitors on the cis side of the brush-border membrane. The data demonstrate the presence in the lepidopteran luminal membrane of distinct transport...

... between them. A revised scheme of nomenclature for these inhibitory neurones is proposed. Motor neurones that cause inhibition of the axial or limb muscles that they innervate occur in several invertebrate phyla, but they have been most widely studied in the arthropods. In these animals, two types...