... ). Chitosan oligosaccharides protect Sprague Dawley rats from cyclic heat stress by attenuation of oxidative and inflammation stress . Animals 9 , 1074 . 10.3390/ani9121074 Lang , B. , Kahnau , P. , Hohlbaum , K. , Mieske , P. , Andresen , N. P. , Boon , M. N. , Thöne...

... and 10 PSU for a year, and spermatogenesis and regulation of the RAS signal pathway was assessed. Results showed induced inflammation in the testes of T. s. elegans in the 10 PSU group, as evidenced by a decrease in the number of testicular germ cells from 1586 to 943. Compared with the control group...

... Inflammation Prostaglandins Glucocorticoids Lipopolysaccharides Endotoxin The COVID-19 pandemic has renewed both public and research focus on better understanding the intricacies of disease spread in terms of physiology and individual and collective behavior ( Arunachalam et al., 2020 ; Lopes...

... oxygen deficiency but the molecular mechanisms that underlie cellular injury during hypoxia-reoxygenation are not well understood. We examined the molecular markers of autophagy, apoptosis and inflammation during short-term (1 day) and long-term (6 days) hypoxia and post-hypoxic recovery (1 h) in mussels...

... were larger and grew at a faster rate than offspring from control parents (injected with PBS). Additionally, offspring from immune-challenged parents that suffered the most from inflammation grew at a faster rate than offspring from low suffering parents. Producing heavier offspring that will reach...

... Ltd 2013 inflammation ecological immunology acute phase response lipopolysaccharide LPS annual cycle birds A central premise in ecological immunology is that animals trade off investment into immune function against other competing physiological and behavioural processes ( Sheldon...

... upon LPS-induced inflammation. Cortisol is the main circulating glucocorticoid in Siberian hamsters ( Reburn and Wynne-Edwards, 1999 ). Concentration in plasma was measured using a Cortisol 125 I radioimmunoassay kit (ImmuChem Coated Tube, MP Biomedicals, Santa Ana, CA, USA) according...

... of Biologists Ltd 2013 behavior cytokine immunology sickness depression inflammation Over the past 30 years, it has become clear that the immune system plays a critical role in animal behavior. This role is tightly linked to the obvious role that immune cell activation plays in the clearance...

... Columbiformes flight immunology inflammation leukocytes Locomotion is critical to survival in many organisms, but as a broadly integrative physiological function, locomotion has wide-ranging repercussions. Many birds rely on flight to escape from predators, to search for food, to find mates...

... protection against several chronic diseases. [email protected] 1 11 2010 © 2011. 2011 cytokines insulin resistance inflammation metabolism Based on current trends, by the year 2020 non-communicable chronic diseases are expected to account for 70% of deaths and 60% of the disease...

...) production, oxidative damage and inflammation that can be induced by an increase in the renin–angiotensin system (RAS). To test the hypothesis that prolonged fasting in elephant seals is not associated with increased oxidative stress or inflammation, blood samples and muscle biopsies were collected from...

... (D20, D27 and D34) were suspended in 0.15 ml of 0.1 mol l –1 phosphate buffer. We found no evidence for detrimental effects of the complete adjuvant injection as measured by changes in body mass (see Results), signs of distress or inflammation (P.D., personal observations) or mortality. We measured...

... and p38 by environmental stressors such as hypoxia often leads to cell death via inflammation and apoptosis and comprises part of the signal transduction cascade involved in neurodegenerative hypoxia( Kunz et al., 2001 ; Fig. 2 ). Fig. 2. Hypoxia activates SAPK pathways, leading to neuronal cell...

... inflammation central nervous system peripheral nervous system mammal One of the unresolved riddles of neurobiology has centered on the question of the ease with which the mammalian peripheral nervous system (PNS) regenerates contrasted to the abortive regeneration of the central nervous system (CNS...