... water was available). Life-history strategy influenced the emergency life-history stage because wing morphology and stressor(s) interacted to influence body mass, boldness behavior and immunocompetence. Our results demonstrate that water availability and life-history strategy should be incorporated...

... Immunocompetence Condition Cortisol Testosterone Reef fish Many individuals of different species engage in mutualistic interactions ( Bronstein, 2001 ). Partners in such interactions exchange goods in the form of a reward (food) or service (e.g. transport, pollination or protection) ( Bronstein, 2001...

.... Individuals fed a restricted diet showed reduced growth rates, depressed immunocompetence and a heightened glucocorticoid response. Once food restriction was lifted, animals experiencing nutritional stress early in life (low diet) caught up with the normal-diet group by increasing their growth, and were able...

... of carotenoids show no significant increase in oxidative stress or any loss of immune system function. Condition-dependent trait Immunocompetence Antioxidant Ornament An outstanding challenge in behavioral and evolutionary ecology is understanding how ornamental traits can serve as honest...

... by differential specialization of hemocytes on immunity and biomineralization. Gene transcription Matrix proteins Ion regulation Immunocompetence Shell mechanical properties Intracellular mineral transport Hemocytes Mantle Bivalves Estuaries and coastal zones are areas of high productivity...

... McGraw , K. J. and Ardia , D. R. ( 2003 ). Carotenoids, immunocompetence, and the information content of sexual colors: an experimental test . Am. Nat.   162 , 704 - 712 . 10.1086/378904 McGraw , K. J. and Ardia , D. R. ( 2005 ). Sex differences in carotenoid status...

... compromise immunity for other functions. As with energy, water limitation can also alter various physiological processes, yet water has received little consideration for its possible role in modulating immune functions. We examined the relationship between immunocompetence and hydration state using...

.... COMPETING INTERESTS No competing interests declared. 3 1 2013 8 3 2013 © 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2013 immune function immunocompetence ecological immunology ecoimmunology phenoloxidase activity antibacterial activity Current ecological...

...Brittney C. Hopkins; Stephanie Y. Chin; John D. Willson; William A. Hopkins SUMMARY Immune function early in life can be influenced by parental effects and the environment, but it remains unclear how these two factors may interact to influence immunocompetence. We evaluated maternal...

... ectotherm. * Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) 13 1 2010 © 2010. 2010 immunocompetence ectotherm seasonal The immune system of vertebrates evolved as a complex and multilayered defense against the near constant threat of parasitism ( Kaufmann et al., 2002...

... is the cost of immunity? Oikos 88 , 87 -98. Lochmiller, R. L., Vestey, M. R. and Boren, J. C. ( 1993 ). Relationship between protein nutritional status and immunocompetence in northern bobwhite chicks. Auk 110 , 503 -510. Love, O. P., Chin, E. H., Wynne-Edwards, K. E. and Williams, T. D. ( 2005...

... into our interpretation of variation in PHA response. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 22 2 2009 2009 bill colour blackbird carotenoid-based signals cell-mediated immune response immunocompetence The study of immunocompetence, i.e...

... immunocompetence suppressed by testosterone? Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 45 , 167 -175. Hasselquist, D. and Nilsson, J. Å. ( 2009 ). Maternal transfer of antibodies in vertebrates:trans-generational effects on offspring immunity. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 364 , 51 -60. Heeb, P. ( 1994...

... (e-mail: [email protected] ) 9 1 2007 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2007 2007 stress-induced immunosuppression red knot corticosterone immunocompetence Strenuous exercise in humans and mice can result in suppressed immune function ( Hoffmann-Goetz...

... for correspondence at address 1 (e-mail: [email protected] ) 14 11 2005 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2006 2006 complement habitat selection humoral response immunocompetence immunoecology natural antibodies scavenging shorebirds wetlands wildlife disease The immune...