... of inoculative freezing by environmental ice and ice-nucleating agents. Freeze tolerance evolved from responses to fundamental stresses to permit survival of the freezing of a substantial amount of body water under thermal and temporal conditions of ecological relevance. Survival of freezing is promoted...

... of supercooling capacity fundamentally requires elimination of ice-nucleating agents (INA) of endogenous origin: summer turtles, but not winter turtles, produced feces(perhaps derived from residual yolk) that expressed ice-nucleating activity. Ingestion of vermiculite or eggshell, which had modest ice-nucleating...

...% relative humidity and 15°C. In water the nematodes are seeded by exogenous ice nucleation and a proportion are freezing tolerant. Ice formation appears to be restricted to the pseudocbel. The degree of freezing tolerance is dependent upon the age of the culture and its thermal history. P. davidi...