... between rigid and hydrostatic skeletons, making them an interesting system to examine mechanical adaptations in skeletal support systems. I hypothesized that terrestrial crabs have modified morphology to enhance mechanical stiffness and that rigid and hydrostatic skeletons scale differently from each...

... and relaxation of antagonistic circular and longitudinal muscles in the body wall around a hydrostatic skeleton ( Elder, 1980 ; Kier, 2012 ) oversimplifies the kinematics of locomotion by T. mucronata . Alternating expansions of the head and lateral ridge ( Fig. 4 I) are consistent with descriptions...

...Jessica A. Kurth; William M. Kier ABSTRACT Many soft-bodied invertebrates use a flexible, fluid-filled hydrostatic skeleton for burrowing. The aim of our study was to compare the scaling and morphology between surface-dwelling and burrowing earthworm ecotypes to explore the specializations of non...

... with exoskeletons that apply tension to loosen grains with rigid, jointed legs. In contrast, animals with hydrostatic skeletons transmit internal pressures to apply compressive stresses to burrow walls, facilitating burrow wall compaction and burrow extension by fracture. Exoskeletons can, however, be used to apply...

...William M. Kier Summary A remarkably diverse group of organisms rely on a hydrostatic skeleton for support, movement, muscular antagonism and the amplification of the force and displacement of muscle contraction. In hydrostatic skeletons, force is transmitted not through rigid skeletal elements...

... and muscles) over a body mass range from milligrams to several grams. All Manduca biometrics relevant to the hydrostatic skeleton scaled allometrically but close to the isometric predictions. Body density and pressure were almost constant. We next investigated the effects of scaling on the bending stiffness...

...James Che; Kelly M. Dorgan SUMMARY The polychaete Cirriformia moorei burrows in muddy sediments by fracture, using its hydrostatic skeleton to expand its anterior region and exert force against its burrow wall to extend a crack. Burrowing occurs in four phases: stretching forward into the burrow...

... of the material. Here we show that the polychaete Cirriformia moorei extends its burrow by a similar mechanism, but by using its hydrostatic skeleton rather than an eversible pharynx. Based on the dimensionless wedge number, which relates work of fracture to work to maintain body shape against the elasticity...

[email protected] ) 24 9 2007 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2007 2007 crab molting Callinectes sapidus cuticle mechanical properties tensile strength Young's modulus flexural stiffness hydrostatic skeleton In order to grow, arthropods must undergo the remarkable and risky...

...Kim J. Quillin ABSTRACT In hydrostatic skeletons, it is the internal fluid under pressure surrounded by a body wall in tension (rather than a rigid lever) that enables the stiffening of the organism, the antagonism of muscles and the transmission of force from the muscles to the environment...

...Kim J. Quillin ABSTRACT This study examined the relationship between ontogenetic increase in body size and the kinematics of peristaltic locomotion by the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris , a soft-bodied organism supported by a hydrostatic skeleton. Whereas the motions of most vertebrates...

...Kim J. Quillin ABSTRACT Soft-bodied organisms with hydrostatic skeletons range enormously in body size, both during the growth of individuals and in the comparison of species. Therefore, body size is an important consideration in an examination of the mechanical function of hydrostatic skeletons...

..., University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. 10 6 1994 ©The Company of Biologists Limited 1994 Aplysia californica searching behaviour hydrostatic skeleton A fundamental goal of neuroethology is to understand the principles of neural circuit...

... 6 1994 ©The Company of Biologists Limited 1994 Aplysia californica motor control hydrostatic skeleton The anterior head region of the gastropod mollusc Aplysia is richly endowed with sense organs and appendages for detecting odorant molecules, mechanical stimuli...

...Frederick M. Kuenzi; Thomas J. Carew ABSTRACT Bending and twisting movements of the body during head-waving behaviour of the sea hare Aplysia californica are produced by the concerted action of the muscles of the body wall on the hydrostatic skeleton formed by the haemocoel and internal organs...