... that metabolically healthy ponies have greater microbial stability when challenged with this dietary change, compared with ponies with insulin dysregulation. 16S rRNA Hindgut Horse Glucagon-like peptide-1 Equine metabolic syndrome Endocrine The equine gastrointestinal microbiome, like...

...Zoe T. Self Davies; Andrew J. Spence; Alan M. Wilson ABSTRACT The horse has evolved to gallop economically at high speed. Limb force increases with speed but direct measures of limb ground reaction forces (GRFs) at gallop are sparse. This study reports GRFs for multiple limbs, using force plates...

.... This research suggests that breed-specific growth rates influence the maturation of the neural networks generating chewing rhythm, which may be altered because of changes in jaw mass during early postnatal growth. Here, we explored the intraspecific scaling of CCD within a sample of adult horses ranging from...

... at present address: School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia(e-mail: [email protected] ) 1 5 2009 2009 muscle elasticity locomotion biomechanics horse Many larger animals including wallabies, humans...

..., thoroughbred horses and elite human athletes. In each case, an absolute speed limit is definable, and the current record approaches that predicted maximum. While all such extrapolations must be used cautiously, these data suggest that there are limits to the ability of either natural or artificial selection...

... locomotion would enhance our understanding of locomotor powering during changes in terrain. This study measured foot-on and foot-off times from galloping horses using a previously validated system of limb-mounted accelerometers and a global positioning system data logger. A detailed track survey provided...

... increases with the PE of the animal. In this study we investigate the mechanical energy ( ME ) fluctuations and the mechanical cost of transport (MCT) in six horses galloping up a range of gradients. We captured trunk movement with a six degrees-of-freedom inertial sensor mounted over the dorsal spinous...

... a continuous scale of colours or does the neutral point divide their chromatic space into two colour categories, i.e. into colours of either short or long wavelengths? We trained horses to different colour combinations in a two-choice behavioural experiment and tested their responses to the training and test...

...: Cornell University Hospital for Animals, Box 25, Ithaca,NY, 14853, USA † Present address: 25 Lodge Hill Road, Lower Bourne, Farnham, Surrey GU10 3QW, UK 29 8 2006 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2006 2006 biomechanics locomotion horse duty factor speed gallop equine...

... with fluctuations in mechanical energy, even in the most efficient animals. In this study we investigate the exchanges between different forms of mechanical energy involved in high-speed gallop locomotion in Thoroughbred race horses during over-ground locomotion using innovative, mobile data collection techniques...

... that they compensate for the effects of size differences. Here we apply this principle to understanding the effects of size on locomotion within a species: the domestic horse. We predict that, without any factor to compensate for size differences, detectable deviations from dynamically similar locomotion would occur...

... position using a modified version of a commercial inertial orientation sensor that combines accelerometers, gyroscopes and magnetometers, thus giving a full set of movement parameters (displacement,velocity and acceleration in three dimensions). The 35 g sensor was attached over the spine of a horse...

... to the different functions performed by the two limbs in the asymmetrical gaits. The difference in load experienced by the lead and non-lead limbs decreased with increasing speed. Pressure-sensitive insoles are commonly used in human biomechanics;however, their application in horses is limited as the technology...

...-to the hindlimbs in quadrupeds. However, there are no whole-animal kinetic measurements of incline locomotion. Based on previous related research, we hypothesized that there would be a shift in forces to the hindlimb. The present study measured the force produced by the fore- and hindlimbs of horses while trotting...

...Darren J. Dutto; Donald F. Hoyt; Hilary M. Clayton; Edward A. Cogger; Steven J. Wickler SUMMARY The ability to jump over an obstacle depends upon the generation of work across the joints of the propelling limb(s). The total work generated by one hind limb of a horse and the contribution...

...Steven J. Wickler; Donald F. Hoyt; Edward A. Cogger; Gregory Myers SUMMARY Two studies have focused on potential triggers for the trot–gallop transition in the horse. One study concluded that the transition was triggered by metabolic economy. The second study found that it was not metabolic factors...

...M. Polly McGuigan; Alan M. Wilson SUMMARY A horse's legs are compressed during the stance phase, storing and then returning elastic strain energy in spring-like muscle-tendon units. The arrangement of the muscle-tendon units around the lever-like joints means that as the leg shortens the muscle...

.... * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 27 02 2001 23 04 2001 © 2001 by Company of Biologists 2001 bone Young’s modulus anisotropy nanoindentation osteone horse Equus caballus It is generally regarded almost as a truism that the architectures...

... for this behavior include minimizing musculoskeletal stresses and maximizing energetic economy. If preferred speed is determined by energetic economy (cost of transport, C T ), then shifts in preferred speed should produce shifts in C T . To test this hypothesis, preferred speeds were measured in trotting horses...

...Donald F. Hoyt; Steven J. Wickler; Edward A. Cogger ABSTRACT Using published values for twelve species of birds and mammals, we investigated the effects of limb length and running speed on time of contact and step length. In addition, we measured the time of contact in horses trotting up a 10...