...Cayleih E. Robertson; Kathryn Wilsterman ABSTRACT High-altitude environments, characterized by low oxygen levels and low ambient temperatures, have been repeatedly colonized by small altricial mammals. These species inhabit mountainous regions year-round, enduring chronic cold and hypoxia...

... and differences between OxymiR responses of over 20 diverse animal species, including invertebrates and vertebrates. This is followed by a discussion of the OxymiR adaptations, and maladaptations, present in hypoxic high-altitude environments where animals, including humans, do not enter hypometabolic states...

... temperatures, humidity and oxygen levels. However, there has been limited research into avian thermoregulation during migration in extreme environments. This study aimed to investigate the effect of flight performance and high altitude on body temperature ( T b ) of free-flying bar-headed geese ( Anser indicus...

...-licence-1-1/ Summary: Hypoxia exposure alters the relative contribution of peripheral and central factors to exercise-induced fatigue, and central fatigue may play a predominant role in the decline in exercise performance under hypoxia. High altitude Peripheral fatigue Central fatigue...

... with improved performance at high altitudes, the variation in metabolic enzyme activities in other muscles not correlated to respiratory capacity, such as the consistent upregulation of MDH activity, may serve other functions that contribute to success at high altitudes. * These authors contributed...

...Nicholas J. Shirkey; Kimberly A. Hammond Deer mice ( Peromyscus maniculatus sonoriensis ) populations in the White Mountains of Eastern California are found across a substantial range of partial pressures of oxygen ( P O 2 ). Reduction in P O 2 at high altitude can have a negative impact on aerobic...

... affinity (cold alkalotic lungs and warm acidotic muscle) could increase O 2 delivery by twofold during sustained flapping flight at high altitudes compared with what would be delivered by blood at constant temperature and pH. * Author for correspondence at present address: Department of Anesthesia...

...Danielle M. Tufts; Inge G. Revsbech; Zachary A. Cheviron; Roy E. Weber; Angela Fago; Jay F. Storz SUMMARY In vertebrates living at high altitude, arterial hypoxemia may be ameliorated by reversible changes in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood (regulated by erythropoiesis) and/or changes...

... performance. The effects of reduced air pressure on flight performance were more pronounced at colder temperatures. Reduced flight performance in high altitude conditions was primarily driven by an increased reluctance for flies to initiate flight rather than outright failure to fly. Such reluctance to fly...

...Robert B. Schoene SUMMARY This paper will review the function of the lung at high altitude in humans. As the first interface between the environment and the body, the lung serves a vital role in the transfer of oxygen from the air to the blood. I will describe the limits of response and adaptation...

..., glutamate, followed by Ca 2+ -mediated cell death. Such a mechanism seems unlikely to explain how high altitude causes injury to brain cells. Might programmed cell death, apoptosis, be set in motion, to be manifest over a longer time ( Miller and Marx, 1998 )? Could oxygen radicals play a role ( Coyle...

... and higher’ conditions suggests that these adaptations may represent the ‘ancestral’ physiological condition for humans. * e-mail: [email protected] 15 10 1998 24 3 1998 © The Company of Biologists Limited 1998 hypoxia-tolerance endurance performance high altitude...