... of immune function in the adult fly. A newly eclosed adult has mild immune defects that are exacerbated in a 15 day old Mt2 −/− fly. The age-dependent effects appear to be systemic, including disturbances in lipid metabolism, changes in cell shape of hemocytes and significant fold-changes in levels...

...Cui-Luan Yao; George N. Somero SUMMARY We investigated the effects of acute heat stress and cold stress on cell viability, lysosome membrane stability, double- and single-stranded DNA breakage, and signaling mechanisms involved in cellular homeostasis and apoptosis in hemocytes of native...

... have investigated the effects of this metal on isolated oyster hemocytes, the main cellular immune defense in mollusks. Enhanced apoptosis of these cells could conceivably create immunosuppressed conditions in these organisms and result in reduced disease resistance and increased opportunistic...

... hypoxia reduces the ability of oyster hemocytes to produce reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs), an important part of their defense system. Oysters of the species Crassostrea virginica were held in normoxic ( , pH 7.8–8.0) and hypoxic conditions ( , pH 7.1–7.4). In vivo hemolymph variables ( and pH) were...