... that metabolic allometry arises as a consequence of the optimisation of growth and reproduction to maximise fitness within a finite life. Our theory is free of physical geometric constraints that limit the possibilities available to evolution, and we therefore argue that metabolic allometry can be explained...

... treatment had a positive effect on body mass growth at 30 days after hatching and immune response at sexual maturity, while egg testosterone treatment positively influenced immune response at fledging and courtship behaviour in sexually mature male offspring. Maternal effects are known to modulate offspring...

... temperatures for growth (22 and 34°C) for 40 days and measuring growth and thermal tolerance at two different warming rates. We found that tolerance to rapid warming correlated with tolerance to slow warming in the 22°C treatment. However, individual tolerance to neither rapid nor slow warming correlated...

... Macronutrient content Protein Spider Fitness Growth Reproduction As for all organisms, predators experience trade-offs between life-history traits or fitness components, including growth, reproduction and survival, due to limited resources within a set time frame ( Roff, 2002 ; Stearns, 1992...

...Ian A. Bouyoucos; Phillip R. Morrison; Ornella C. Weideli; Eva Jacquesson; Serge Planes; Colin A. Simpfendorfer; Colin J. Brauner; Jodie L. Rummer ABSTRACT Thermal dependence of growth and metabolism can influence thermal preference and tolerance in marine ectotherms, including threatened and data...

...Francois Criscuolo; Allison Cornell; Sandrine Zahn; Tony D. Williams ABSTRACT Telomere length can be considered as an indicator of an organism's somatic state, long telomeres reflecting higher energy investment in self-maintenance. Early-life is a period of intense investment in somatic growth...

... ecdysteroid peak. The delays to eclosion were dose dependent, with some ability for repair of damaged tissues. We noted a shift in critical weight, as assessed by the point at which starvation no longer impacted developmental timing, without a change in growth rate, which was uncoupled from juvenile hormone...

..., tendon stiffness, elastic energy storage capacity and efficiency were calculated from muscle and tendon morphological parameters and in vitro tendon mechanical properties obtained from a growth series of ostrich cadavers. Ontogenetic scaling relationships were established using reduced major axis...

...Vallo Tilgar ABSTRACT Prolonged stress can have long-lasting effects on an individual's physiology and growth. However, the impact of chronically elevated glucocorticoids on the expression of early antipredator responses is still poorly documented. In this study, I simulated the effect of repeated...

... Summary: Physiological responses associated with stable temperatures are distinct from those in thermally variable environments and we need to understand these differences to truly predict how animals will respond to climate change. Climate change Environment Growth Metabolism Aquatic...

...Abdullah Alzaid; Jin-Hyoung Kim; Robert H. Devlin; Samuel A. M. Martin; Daniel J. Macqueen ABSTRACT Suppression of growth during infection may aid resource allocation towards effective immune function. Past work supporting this hypothesis in salmonid fish revealed an immune-responsive regulation...

... the concentration of vitamin E and corticosterone in the eggs of the yellow-legged gull ( Larus michahellis ) by administering a physiological (2 s.d.) dose both independently and in combination. We tested for an effect on chick post-natal growth, plasma antioxidant capacity (TAC) and oxidative compounds (TOS...

... and perform well in terms of growth, or in the ability to overcome infection with bacteria, which was similar for all the emergence fractions. This suggests that discriminating fish according to emergence time would probably have little effect in improving the performance and the welfare of farmed fish...

... h: 2.5 mg O 2 l −1 (20% dissolved O 2 )] during the embryonic stage alone (hypoxic history) or combined with a 5-day high-carbohydrate (60%) diet stimulus at first feeding (HC dietary history) can affect glucose metabolism later in life, i.e. in juvenile fish. After 19 weeks of growth, we observed...

... the mechanisms underlying plastic responses to environmental conditions that favour small phenotypes. Our aim was to investigate how and why European sea bass that had experienced a short episode of moderate hypoxia during their larval stage subsequently exhibited a growth depression at the juvenile stage...

...: Increased yolk testosterone concentration in yellow-legged gulls promotes body mass growth of embryos but reduces brain size. Moreover, sex differences in brain size exist among control embryos. Brain mass Embryo Growth Oxidative status Sexual dimorphism Larus michahellis Testosterone...

..., growth rates, glycogen and triglyceride content, and candidate gene expression. During acute heat shock, both species upregulated HSP90 and HSP70 , although V. lienosa showed consistently greater transcript levels during upregulation. This pattern was consistent during the chronic warming simulation...

... hypothesis. We use a novel methodology where we repeatedly measure respiration and metabolic rates throughout the penultimate- and final-instar larvae in the butterfly Pieris napi . In the penultimate instar, respiration and metabolic rates gradually decelerated along with growth, supporting the ODIM...

... 2015 1 12 2015 © 2016. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2016 Summary: A novel 3D critical window construct reveals how morphometry of Artemia is influenced by salinity level and the time of salinity exposure during development. Brine shrimp Growth Phenotype...

... temperature for the whole organism are often less clear. Growth and reproduction are the driving factors for population structure and abundance. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of long-term acclimation to elevated temperature on energy budget parameters in the high-Antarctic fish Trematomus...