...Yuke Bu; Rongxiao Wang; Yujie Liu; Kefan Xing; Xue Zhang; Yuying Sun; Jiquan Zhang Myostatin (MSTN) is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle development and growth in vertebrates, but its role in crustaceans remains debated. To explore the functional role of the MSTN (named EcMSTN...

...Stefania Casagrande; Giacomo Dell'Omo ABSTRACT Rapid reduction of body size in populations responding to global warming suggests the involvement of temperature-dependent physiological adjustments during growth, such as mitochondrial alterations in the efficiency of producing metabolic energy...

... in their consequences for the animal. We discuss differences in growth, reproduction and tolerance of environmental challenges, all of which are suppressed in subordinate individuals, and focus on the underlying mechanisms that give rise to these phenotypes. Repeated and/or continual activation of the hypothalamic...

... to a certain size and for a sponge to increase in size, new modules must be formed. However, the growth characteristics of a small single-osculum module sponge are fundamentally different from those of multi-modular sponges, and a theoretically derived volume-specific filtration rate scales as F / V = V −1/3...

... or variable temperatures. We measured their consequent heart rate reaction norms to short-term changes in egg temperature and tracked their growth. Contrary to expectations, the early thermal environment did not modify heart rate reaction norms, but regardless, these reaction norms differed among individuals...

..., then developmental plasticity allows environmentally induced alterations to the target. However, there can also be variations in the trajectory. This is seen with compensatory responses, for instance where growth accelerates after an earlier period of food shortage, or where investment in sexual ornaments...

... that metabolic allometry arises as a consequence of the optimisation of growth and reproduction to maximise fitness within a finite life. Our theory is free of physical geometric constraints that limit the possibilities available to evolution, and we therefore argue that metabolic allometry can be explained...

... treatment had a positive effect on body mass growth at 30 days after hatching and immune response at sexual maturity, while egg testosterone treatment positively influenced immune response at fledging and courtship behaviour in sexually mature male offspring. Maternal effects are known to modulate offspring...

... temperatures for growth (22 and 34°C) for 40 days and measuring growth and thermal tolerance at two different warming rates. We found that tolerance to rapid warming correlated with tolerance to slow warming in the 22°C treatment. However, individual tolerance to neither rapid nor slow warming correlated...

... Macronutrient content Protein Spider Fitness Growth Reproduction As for all organisms, predators experience trade-offs between life-history traits or fitness components, including growth, reproduction and survival, due to limited resources within a set time frame ( Roff, 2002 ; Stearns, 1992...

...Ian A. Bouyoucos; Phillip R. Morrison; Ornella C. Weideli; Eva Jacquesson; Serge Planes; Colin A. Simpfendorfer; Colin J. Brauner; Jodie L. Rummer ABSTRACT Thermal dependence of growth and metabolism can influence thermal preference and tolerance in marine ectotherms, including threatened and data...

...Francois Criscuolo; Allison Cornell; Sandrine Zahn; Tony D. Williams ABSTRACT Telomere length can be considered as an indicator of an organism's somatic state, long telomeres reflecting higher energy investment in self-maintenance. Early-life is a period of intense investment in somatic growth...

... ecdysteroid peak. The delays to eclosion were dose dependent, with some ability for repair of damaged tissues. We noted a shift in critical weight, as assessed by the point at which starvation no longer impacted developmental timing, without a change in growth rate, which was uncoupled from juvenile hormone...

..., tendon stiffness, elastic energy storage capacity and efficiency were calculated from muscle and tendon morphological parameters and in vitro tendon mechanical properties obtained from a growth series of ostrich cadavers. Ontogenetic scaling relationships were established using reduced major axis...

...Vallo Tilgar ABSTRACT Prolonged stress can have long-lasting effects on an individual's physiology and growth. However, the impact of chronically elevated glucocorticoids on the expression of early antipredator responses is still poorly documented. In this study, I simulated the effect of repeated...

... Summary: Physiological responses associated with stable temperatures are distinct from those in thermally variable environments and we need to understand these differences to truly predict how animals will respond to climate change. Climate change Environment Growth Metabolism Aquatic...

...Abdullah Alzaid; Jin-Hyoung Kim; Robert H. Devlin; Samuel A. M. Martin; Daniel J. Macqueen ABSTRACT Suppression of growth during infection may aid resource allocation towards effective immune function. Past work supporting this hypothesis in salmonid fish revealed an immune-responsive regulation...

... the concentration of vitamin E and corticosterone in the eggs of the yellow-legged gull ( Larus michahellis ) by administering a physiological (2 s.d.) dose both independently and in combination. We tested for an effect on chick post-natal growth, plasma antioxidant capacity (TAC) and oxidative compounds (TOS...

... and perform well in terms of growth, or in the ability to overcome infection with bacteria, which was similar for all the emergence fractions. This suggests that discriminating fish according to emergence time would probably have little effect in improving the performance and the welfare of farmed fish...

... h: 2.5 mg O 2 l −1 (20% dissolved O 2 )] during the embryonic stage alone (hypoxic history) or combined with a 5-day high-carbohydrate (60%) diet stimulus at first feeding (HC dietary history) can affect glucose metabolism later in life, i.e. in juvenile fish. After 19 weeks of growth, we observed...