... of Ambystoma maculatum during overwintering emergence shows that both innate (migration restlessness) and external (temperature and gravity) factors can explain the behaviour of fossorial ectotherms emerging from underground burrows at the end of winter. Amphibian Behaviour Ectotherm Gravity...

... evidence that gravity acts as constraint on AMC involving vertical rhythmic movement. As we could not measure the biomechanical rate limit of this task directly, we used the f max among all trials for the analysis. This was because some of the dancers had a dance technique called the vibration...

... and the head, when the heart–head vertical distance is expressed as ρ g h (where ρ is the density of blood, g is acceleration due to gravity and h is the vertical distance above the heart), and the rise in MAP is associated with a larger heart to normalize wall stress in the ventricular wall. Based...

... for correspondence ( [email protected] ) 7 4 2010 © 2010. 2010 Drosophila melanogaster vision locomotion search Johnston's organ gravity All motile organisms explore their environment for resources using an array of specialized sensors. Indeed, the need to search effectively for food...

... for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 29 1 2008 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2008 2008 biomechanics locomotion ground reaction force inertia gravity weight mass human During long-term space flight, astronauts experience losses in bone mineral density...

...G. A. Cavagna; N. C. Heglund; P. A. Willems SUMMARY The effect of an increase in gravity on the mechanics of running has been studied by using a force platform fixed to the floor of an aircraft undergoing flight profiles, resulting in a simulated gravity of 1.3 g . The power spent to maintain...

... of Biologists Limited 2004 2004 locomotion gravity pendulum child Spatiotemporal dynamics of normal walking in human adults is governed by general principles, including mechanisms of propulsion, stability, kinematic coordination and mechanical energy exchange( Alexander, 1989 ; Capaday, 2002...

... changes in energy balance. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 1 6 2004 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2004 2004 body mass set-point energy expenditure body composition ponderostat obesity gravity sex difference mice The set-point theory...

.... For example, during head-up tilting, head arterial blood pressure (HAP)was significantly lower at 30° than at 0°. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 19 1 2004 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2004 2004 blood pressure regulation gravity...

...Young-Hui Chang; Hsuan-Wen Cathy Huang; Chris M. Hamerski; Rodger Kram ABSTRACT It is difficult to distinguish the independent effects of gravity from those of inertia on a running animal. Simply adding mass proportionally changes both the weight (gravitational force) and mass (inertial force...

...J. Maxwell Donelan; Rodger Kram ABSTRACT To gain insight into the basic principles that govern the biomechanics of locomotion, we investigated the effect of reduced gravity on walking kinematics. We hypothesized that humans walk in a dynamically similar fashion at combinations of speed...

...Rodger Kram; Antoinette Domingo; Daniel P. Ferriss ABSTRACT We investigated the effect of reduced gravity on the human walk–run gait transition speed and interpreted the results using an inverted-pendulum mechanical model. We simulated reduced gravity using an apparatus that applied a nearly...

... the optomotor behaviour of Xenopus laevis tadpoles raised in growth chambers in microgravity (<10 −3 g ), normal gravity (1 g ), hypergravity (3 g ) and on a slowly rotating clinostat (simulated microgravity). The goal of this research was to determine how development in an altered gravitational force field...

...T. Leucht ABSTRACT Tadpoles of Xenopus laevis are shown to respond to magnetic fields using a gravity-related test paradigm. They exhibit a directional selectivity with respect to angular variations of the inclination of low-intensity magnetic fields. This response is abolished when the optic...

... are the basis of the pigeons’ position-finding ability but not all investigators are convinced by the evidence (see e.g. Able, 1980 ; Keeton, 1980 ; Schmidt-Koenig, 1979 ; Walcott & Lednor, 1983 ). 14 03 1984 © 1984 by Company of Biologists 1984 Pigeons orientation gravity...