... activity of enzymes involved in glycolysis (hexokinase, HK; pyruvate kinase, PK; and lactate dehydrogenase, LDH), pyruvate oxidation and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (pyruvate dehydrogenase, PDH; citrate synthase, CS; malate dehydrogenase, MDH; and aspartate aminotransferase, AAT), and the electron...

... of hypoxia tolerance in mammals – and highlight promising but underexplored avenues of hypoxia-related research in this fascinating model organism. References Ainscow , E. K. and Brand , M. D. ( 1999 ). Top-down control analysis of ATP turnover, glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation...

... glycolysis supports anoxia resistance in the naked mole-rat . Science 356 , 305 - 308 . 10.1126/science.aab3896 Peltier , H. J. and Latham , G. J. ( 2008 ). Normalization of microRNA expression levels in quantitative RT-PCR assays: identification of suitable reference RNA targets...

... in rainbow trout to lower circulating glucose concentrations. In contrast to mammals, the glucose-lowering effect does not involve activation of AMPK. Amino acids Glycolysis Gluconeogenesis AMPK signaling Gene expression Enzyme activity Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council...

... in fish species with low levels of plasma glucose. This in turn may limit hypoxic performance. Anaerobic metabolism Glycolysis Fish hearts Lactate production There is a wide interspecific range in the level of blood glucose amongst teleost fishes. Some species exhibit levels in excess...

...Gen L. Takei; Daisuke Miyashiro; Chinatsu Mukai; Makoto Okuno Many studies have been conducted to elucidate the relationship between energy metabolic pathways (glycolysis and respiration) and flagellar motility in mammalian sperm, but the contribution of glycolysis to sperm motility has not yet...

... Class O1 (FoxO1) and glycogen synthase kinase 3α/β (GSK 3α/β). These results indicate that acute administration of rapamycin in trout leads to the inhibition of TORC1 activation. No effect is observed on the expression of genes involved in gluconeogenesis, glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation...

... in the extent to which each was oxidized, with 0.73%, 0.63% and 0.21% of palmitic, oleic and stearic acid tracers oxidized, respectively. * Author of correspondence ( [email protected] ) 18 10 2009 © 2010. 2010 catabolism glycolysis β-oxidation birds nutrition physiological fuels...

...) and gluconeogenesis(in liver). The specific activities of enzymes of glycolysis and glycogen metabolism were strongly suppressed by hypoxia in white skeletal muscle, which may reflect decreased energy demand in this tissue during chronic hypoxia. In contrast, several enzyme specific activities were higher in liver...

... slowly (10-45 min) and were not apparent in glucose-free medium, in medium containing iodoacetate (IAA), an inhibitor of glycolysis, or medium containing 5 mmol l -1 lactate or pyruvate. Male ventricle strips had increased inotropic responses to glucose and T compared with female strips exposed...

... flux at this reaction in glycolysis. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) † Deceased 6 7 2005 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2005 2005 allometry metabolism glycolysis hovering flight metabolic scaling orchid bee Orchid bees...

... muscles ( Suarez, 1996 ), and electron transfer rates between mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes are the highest ever measured in animals (Suarez et al., 1999 , 2000 ). respiratory quotient hovering flight Euglossine bee enzymes glycolysis flux carbohydrate © The Company...

... the relationship between the allometric patterns in the metabolic enzymes that support metabolic rate. allometry scaling metabolic rate mitochondria glycolysis citrate synthase cytochrome c oxidase nuclear respiratory factor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor PGC-1 © The Company...

... fish Gadus morhua glycolysis isozyme kinetics lactate dehydrogenase LDH liver metabolic compensation muscle temperature acclimation Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; l-lactate NAD + oxidoreductase; E.C. 1.1.1.27) catalyses the terminal step in anaerobic glycolysis and, together...

... is the principal energy supply for eukaryotic cells, but when the P O falls below a critical mark metabolic switches turn off mitochondrial electron transport and activate anaerobic glycolysis. Without this switch cells would suffer an immediate energy deficit and death at low P O . An intriguing feature...

... ). The rationalization of high enzyme concentration in metabolic pathways such as glycolysis. J. Theor. Biol. 151 , 155 -167. Blank, S., Chen, V., Hamilton, N., Salerno, T. A. and Ianuzzo,C. D. ( 1989 ). Biochemical characteristics of mammalian myocardia. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 21 . Block, B. A. ( 1991...

... ). Glycolysis supports calcium uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skinned ventricular fibres of mice deficient in mitochondrial and cytosolic creatine kinase. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 32 , 891 -902. Carrasco, A. J., Dzeja, P. P., Alekseev, A. E., Pucar, D.,Zingman, L. V., Abraham, M. R., Hodgson, D...

...Andreas Becker; Gerhard Wegener ABSTRACT In cockroach fat body, trehalogenesis and glycolysis compete for glucose phosphates as common substrates. During trehalogenesis, glycolysis is inhibited, although the mechanism responsible for this is not known. Incubation of the isolated fat body from...

... on post-exercise [FBP] and [F6P], the [FBP]/[F6P] ratios in exhausted trout were similar at all three temperatures: 0.085±0.006, 0.106±0.014 and 0.106±0.017 at 8, 15 and 22 °C respectively ( P >0.05, ANOVA). In fish, excitement can lead to a stimulation of anaerobic glycolysis and result...

... are up-regulated and anaerobic glycolysis is enhanced. There is no evidence of channel arrest in Carassius brain. The probable result is that electrical activity in the brain is not suppressed but instead maintained at a level sufficient to regulate and control the locomotory and sensory activities...